About the safety parameters of a car in the event of a shock absorber's deterioration

Abstract

Historically, suspension originated and developed on vehicles as a means of ensuring comfort. In horse-drawn carriages of the past, a spring suspension was used in the chassis. With the transition to mechanical traction, speeds of movement and requirements for the chassis increased, and suspensions grew significantly. Thus, the suspension, the initial purpose of which was to ensure comfortable movement, with increasing vehicle speeds acquired a very important function - traffic safety. The second purpose turned out to be so important that it pushed the function of ensuring comfort into the background. The suspension of a passenger car, which largely determines its class, as a component is included in the chassis and contains guide, elastic and damping components. In turn, the elastic component can be a spring, air spring, torsion or coil spring. The damping component is represented by a telescopic shock absorber. The tire, as a suspension element, has an elastic and damping effect. In ensuring comfort, the most important role is played by the elastic and damping parts, which form an oscillatory system with certain parameters. Being sufficiently loaded parts of the suspension, they perceive shock loads and determine its frequency, operational parameters, and resource. The damping part - the shock absorber - plays a key role in the formation of both operational properties, having relatively lower reliability and resource. In this work, an attempt is made to determine the ratio of properties through the values ​​of the corresponding criteria for different technical conditions of the shock absorber. The EuSAMA coefficient and the root-mean-square value of the vibration complication (according to DSTU ISO 2631-1:2004) were chosen as criteria.