Influence of uncharacteristic loads on building constructions
Abstract
With the start of a full-scale war with Russia, Ukraine has faced the cynical destruction of civilian facilities: housing estates, hospitals, schools and kindergartens. They were and continue to be targeted by tanks, artillery, multiple rocket launchers (such as "Hail", "Tornado", etc.), strategic missiles and aircraft. As a result of such actions, the buildings received a number of destructions from light shrapnel to complete destruction. As a result of such actions, the buildings received a number of destructions from light shrapnel to complete destruction.
Approximately one month after the start of the war, after the liberation of part of Ukraine, a sufficient amount of photographic and video materials was accumulated, which made it possible to analyze the work of buildings and their structures under the influence of uncharacteristic loads. A significant number of specialized domestic specialists joined this work. Thus, the portal okna.ua conducted a detailed analysis of the destruction of translucent structures and gave recommendations on measures to reduce damage from debris.
We analyzed the damage of insulated and uninsulated external enclosing structures, identified patterns of their behavior depending on the quality of work performed and compliance with technology during installation.
According to the results of the analysis, we can state the different quality of insulation work performed and the different behavior of the insulation under the action of the blast wave. Interestingly, the magnitude and nature of the damage depends not only on the quality of work, but also on the insulation material.
Facades insulated with basalt wool can damage the decorative finishing layer. Under strong influences, the cotton insulation was destroyed, partially peeled off or completely torn off. Even with completely torn boards, glue and pieces of cotton wool remain on the wall, which continues to protect and strengthen the structure. The walls were not destroyed or burned. Quite a different situation is observed with the insulation of buildings with expanded polystyrene. And it is present in new buildings and in reconstructed ones. In none of the available photos did we see the correct mounting of the insulation boards. This applies to the application of a layer of glue, and the provision of mechanical fastening dowels. As a result of such errors, the facade is completely or significantly exposed, which may also be accompanied by burning.
