3d photogrammetry in architecture, urban planning and preservation of cultural heritage

Abstract

Ground-based photogrammetry is an affordable method of digital three-dimensional modeling and can be performed using inexpensive consumer equipment. There are many undocumented buildings around the world, particularly in developing countries, that could benefit from 3D modeling for documentation, redesign, or restoration. Areas with buildings that could be destroyed by a natural disaster or war are especially beneficial.

Compared to laser scanning, terrestrial photogrammetry is cheaper and more portable. At a minimum it requires a consumer-grade digital camera, a computer and some free software. This is widely attainable, even with low-cost equipment. Results may be strengthened by higher quality camera, proprietary software and possibly the addition of control points, which would require a total station. Though more expensive, this still costs less than laser scanning, and would  ertainly expand the global availability of digital building modelling if adequate.

The process of obtaining a three-dimensional model using photogrammetry can be divided into the following stages: data collection; pre-treatment; image orientation; measurement and analysis.

The application of technology and methods of processing the obtained digital images was performed in Agisoft Metashape 1.76 software on the example of the monument by sculptor Galina Kalchenko - bust of Lesya Ukrainka, installed in front of building "B" of Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University on  Vynnychenko Street, 30 which was established in 1986 in honor of the 115th anniversary of the writer's birth.

Based on the three-dimensional triangulation frame model and stereo image pairs, a realistic textural model of the object is formed at the final stage. Despite the fact that modern methods of photogrammetry allow to solve most problems, including the use of widespread budget cameras, its implementation in real production remains scanty.

The results of photogrammetric three-dimensional reconstruction of objects can serve as a basis for further processing in CAD and BIM, significantly saving time for previous research.