Problems of stucco moulding’s renovation during the architectural and engineering restoration of odesa’s monuments

Abstract

The article is devoted to problems of the Odessa historical center. Architectural monuments of Odessa are known all over the world and cause a keen interest among tourists. Restoration of the architectural and historical appearance of Odessa is one of the promising areas of the city development. However, the processes of wear and aging of monuments are inevitable, and they did not spare the moldings of the facades and the interior, which convey the features of the architectural style of the building and immerse us in the era of that time.

The main causes of stucco wear include: incorrect use of the building; war crimes; impact from seismic effects and vibration from passing vehicles; solar radiation; temperature fluctuations; air flow; precipitation; chemical substances; thunderstorms, sound vibrations; biological pests.

Relief moldings - ornamental, structural and figured - on the facades, in the interiors of architectural monuments are often made by casting from plaster, and can also be wrung out from lightweight concrete and other mixtures. Restoration of architectural stucco decoration is a complex of works.

The first stage is a detailed study of the original stucco samples and cleaning of moldings from the layers of paint.

The second stage is repair of molded products. In a detailed study of a stucco sample, special attention is paid to its strength. Weak, fragile fragments that crumble - remove. At the same time, a satisfactory appearance of these products is not an indicator of good condition, since the destruction may be hidden and not determined visually. When cleaning from layers, the old paint layer is removed not to the white color of the plaster, but to the dark layer of drying oil. In case the gypsum is not saturated with linseed oil, but painted, it is enough to remove the layering of paint to the original layer of paint. Oil coatings are more resistant and can be removed chemically. Restoration of moldings is made up of four production processes: the execution of a full-size model; making a casting form from this model, casting the architectural part itself and installing it in the place provided for by the restoration project.

Stucco molding is attached to the wall with brass or stainless steel rods or fiberglass, installed in the drilled holes, fixed thickened mass of gypsum. After fixing the gypsum fragment, its surface should be treated with a 30% solution of ferrous or copper vitriol, then with a 10% solution of barium sulfate, which ensures the strength of the gypsum part.

Conclusions: unfortunately, the stucco condition of most of the architectural monuments of Odessa is unsatisfactory, and in some places it is in danger of collapse. A promising direction of development of the city is the speedy restoration of the original appearance of buildings and stucco decorations as well.