The role of underground space in a modern city

Abstract

The article deals with the issues of underground space development in urban conditions, analyzes the historical stages of underground urban development. The analysis of the experience of designing and construction of underground structures will allow to reveal the evolution of their formation in the city structure.

The main purpose of the study is to determine how to use the objects of the underground space. A city can only function successfully if it is systematically arranged and consists of different, complementary parts. All functional parts of the city, united by the community of the resource base, which has an urban area, are involved in shaping the urban environment.

The growing shortage of free urban areas and the peculiarities of the spatial organization of underground structures are influencing the development of underground urbanism. Unlike traditional ground-based construction, underground structures do not need to be torn apart, so they can extend over large areas. All this affects the efficiency of their use. Underground structures of cities are subway stations, underground passageways and tunnels, garages, mines, cellars and other premises that can be used to protect the population in case of emergencies of a man-made and natural nature and during a special period. Considering the organization of these underground spaces in various socio-economic conditions, it can be emphasized that at the main stages of their development they contributed to the integration of enterprises and institutions into a single architectural and spatial structure, providing information, distribution and consumer services to the population. At the present stage, there is a significant development of the  underground space of cities. Advantages and disadvantages of using the underground space of the city are revealed. The ways of using the underground space objects in the future are determined.