THE MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF BAST CROPS BIOMASS PROCESSING
Abstract
The demand for natural fabrics is growing every year in the world, because natural plant fibers have such consumer properties as heat resistance, abrasion resistance, strength, fire resistance, and they are superior in quality to well-known synthetic fibers. France, Belgium and the Netherlands remain world leaders in the production of flax, from which textile fiber is obtained. In the coming years, China may join the world leaders in this field. Hemp and flax are the most common bast crops for obtaining plant fibers in Ukraine. The products that can be obtained from the harvest of these crops are divided into two groups: non-food and food. Accordingly, the technologies used for the primary processing of linseed, flax and hemp must take this into account. Today, the most relevant for agricultural producers is the cultivation of bast crops with the complex use of all components of the crop. To achieve this, it is necessary to implement universal technologies for the processing of bast biomass, which can be used for both flax and hemp. Therefore, the main requirements for processing lines of bast crops are complexity and versatility. Also, during the cultivation of bast crops, it is important to take into account the natural and climatic conditions of the growing area, as they significantly affect the yield and quality of the seeds and stem. In case of low quality of the harvest, the harvest must be used for the production of non-woven materials, composites, construction materials, solid and liquid fuels, fodder, etc. In this context, the experience of other countries in the cultivation and processing of bast crops is important. The article examines modern lines of processing of bast crops (oil flax, fibre flax, hemp) of foreign production. The analyzed lines most satisfy the requirements of universality and complexity of use. Both large agricultural enterprises, flax and hemp farms, and small specialized farms can be equipped with the modern lines for the processing of bast crops. These lines do not require a lot of staff to maintain. The article also outlines the possibilities of using the obtained products.
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