OVERVIEW OF DESIGNS OF PNEUMATIC SEEDING DEVICES OF SEEDERS

Abstract

Sowing is one of the most responsible processes in crop production. Identifying the potential of a crop variety or hybrid depends on the quality of sowing. The result of growing agricultural crops also depends on the quality of sowing. The production conditions of crop production are also important, in particular the farming system used on the farm and the size of the cultivated area. When sowing, it is impossible to make mistakes that have a significant impact on the final result of agriculture. The high cost of high quality seeds makes it necessary to ensure the accuracy of sowing.  The task of precision sowing is to obtain an even distribution of seeds over the field area to ensure the same area of nutrition and proper conditions for plant development. Quality of sowing depends on the speed of the process, the quality of seed placement and compliance with the specified depth of its appearance, as well as the degree of damage to the seed material. The result of the quality work of the seeder is obtaining friendly and uniform seedlings. When choosing modern sowing device, it is necessary to pay attention to proper technical service and adaptability of the equipment to working conditions. According to the principle of operation, seeders are divided into mechanical and pneumatic with mechanical or electric drive. The article presents the results of the analysis of performance indicators of seeders for row crops. In particular, the characteristics of the design of pneumatic seeders of the leading manufacturers of agricultural machinery (John Deere, Amazone, Kverneland, etc.) were analyzed. Advantages and disadvantages of their operation are determined. To date, the most popular vacuum seeders are of the disc type. The main advantages of these seeders are that they do not damage the seed and have compact dimensions. On the basis of the analysis, further directions for improvement of the design of pneumatic sowing devices of seeders were formed.