STUDY OF ROLLER AND CENTRIFUGAL METHODS OF HEMP SEED SHELLING
Abstract
The object of the research is the technological processes of crushing, roller and centrifugal crushers, efficiency (number of kernels) of crushing hemp seeds. The process of crushing the seeds helps to increase the nutritional value of the food product. Modern technical-technological solutions for crushing the seeds of agricultural crops are based on taking into account its physical and technological properties. The heterogeneity of seed structures makes it impossible to use universal methods and mechanisms of collapse. According to the results of the conducted research, the advantages of centrifugal breakers with a closed sector-type impeller compared to roller-type breakers have been established. In the case of a centrifugal crusher, the highest yield of crushed kernels (15.36%) was obtained for processing seeds with a moisture content of 15.0%. The highest level of collapsed kernels under the conditions of using a roller crusher was 12.64% for the processing of seeds with a fraction of 3.75 mm. One of the significant advantages of centrifugal crushers is the ability to crush seeds without prior separation into fractions. On roller-type equipment, the dependence of the effectiveness of hemp seed crushing on both the space between the rollers and the size of the seed fractions was noted. For an interval of 0.5 mm, an increase in the size of the fractions from 3.25 to 3.75 mm enabled a corresponding increase in the number of collapsed cores from 4.16% to 12.64%. For a gap between the rollers of 1.0 mm, the observed rate was 3.97-6.55%. Both on the equipment of the roller and centrifugal types, the effectiveness of the collapse depends on the moisture content of the hemp seeds. Under centrifugal collapse, an increase in seed moisture from 8% to 15% led to a corresponding increase (by 12.52%) in the percentage of collapsed kernels from 2.84% to 15.36%. The working wheel of the closed sectoral type of the centrifugal crusher does not create excessive air flow in the working chamber and makes it impossible to crush the seeds.
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