ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ ЗБИРАННЯ НИЗЬКОЯКІСНОЇ ЛЛЯНОЇ БІОМАСИ ДЛЯ ПОДАЛЬШОГО ЇЇ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЯК ПАЛИВА: ОГЛЯД
Анотація
Несприятливі умови для вирощування льону, його збирання та вилежування є причиною отримання низькоякісної біомаси льону. Ця біомаса не може бути перероблена на волокно чи інші цілі. Тому низькоякісну льоносолому спалюють на полях або використовують як добриво шляхом заорювання в ґрунт, що зумовлює негативний вплив на навколишнє середовище та ускладнює проведення подальших технологічних операцій з ґрунтом. У статті представлені граничні значення якісних показників стебел льону, льоносоломи та лляної трести, за яких вони придатні для промислового перероблення або отримана лляна біомаса придатна лише для використання у вигляді палива. Низькоякісна лляна біомаса є недорогою, екологічною та відновлюваною сировиною, яку можна використовувати як тверде паливо для опалення теплиць або будівель, що розташовані поблизу поля, де вирощують льон. У статті представлені різні технології збирання льону-довгунця та льону олійного. Також рекомендується технологія збирання низькоякісного льону, що передбачає технологічні операції: брання або скошування льону, обмолочування льону, формування валка льоносоломи, природне сушіння льоносоломи на полі, формування тюків льоносоломи, транспортування тюків льоносоломи, спалювання тюків льоносоломи. Цю технологію збирання можна використовувати для льону-довгунця якості та льону олійного, що мають низьку якість. Лляну біомасу можна спресовувати в три типи тюків: малі прямокутні тюки, великі круглі тюки (рулони) та великі квадратні тюки. У статті рекомендовані основні вимоги до паливних тюків лляної біомаси. Зазначено, що котел для спалювання льоносоломи необхідно вибирати з урахуванням форми і розміру тюків. Для ефективної роботи котлів необхідно враховувати рекомендовані значення щільності тюків і вологості лляної біомаси.
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