METHOD FOR DETERMINING DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FUEL INJECTORS WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVE ACTUATORS
Abstract
Modern fuel injectors with electromagnetic actuators are critical components of internal combustion engine (ICE) fuel systems, as they determine the accuracy of fuel dosing, combustion efficiency, and the engine’s environmental performance. The dynamic characteristics of injectors, such as response speed, stability of cyclic fuel supply, and compliance with control signals, directly influence engine operation quality. However, over time, these parameters degrade due to wear, contamination, or material degradation, leading to increased emissions of harmful substances, higher fuel consumption, and reduced engine power. The article proposes a diagnostic method for assessing the dynamic characteristics of injectors, which can be used without disassembly or with disassembly. This approach enables early detection of deviations, optimization of maintenance processes, reduction of maintenance labor intensity, and serves as a valuable tool for training specialists in the field of automotive transport (specialty 274 “Automotive Transport”).
Injector testing without removal is performed through a comparative analysis of parameters across all engine injectors. Key diagnostic parameters include: Cyclic fuel supply correction – deviations in the actual volume of fuel injected per cycle compared to the value set by the electronic control unit (ECU). Control signal characteristics – analysis of the shape, amplitude, and duration of pulses sent to the electromagnetic actuator. Injector coil resistance – indicates the condition of electrical components (e.g., open circuits, short circuits). Nozzle opening delay time – the interval between the control signal and the start of nozzle movement during actuator activation, critical for injection synchronization. To evaluate an injector’s condition, all diagnostic parameters must be measured. A deviation in at least one parameter from its nominal value indicates a malfunction or contamination of the tested injector. The article presents a method for determining the dynamic characteristics of fuel injectors with electromagnetic valve actuators.
Key words: microprocessor control systems, electromechanical converter, injector valves, valve solenoid, method of registering valve or armature movement.
