Research on the operation of freight flows on Ukrainian railways using the example of export cargo

Abstract

The article examines the state of freight flows on Ukraine's railway transport, with a particular focus on export shipments and the analysis of issues related to staffing shortages at "Ukrzaliznytsia". Special emphasis is placed on analyzing the structure of export freight transported by rail and identifying the main transportation routes, especially those aimed at international markets. The article discusses how infrastructure problems, such as insufficient track modernization and technical malfunctions of locomotives and wagons, lead to delays and technical failures in the cargo transportation process, negatively affecting the overall efficiency of the railway system.

A significant part of the analysis is devoted to the issue of staffing shortages at "Ukrzaliznytsia", which has a considerable impact on the efficiency and reliability of transportation. The shortage of qualified workers, especially technical staff, locomotive engineers, and dispatchers, significantly complicates the ability to ensure stable and rapid cargo delivery, which is critically important for export operations. As a result, delivery times increase, and the competitiveness of Ukrainian products in international markets decreases, negatively affecting the country's economic potential.

The article also provides specific proposals to address the staffing crisis at "Ukrzaliznytsia". In particular, it suggests improving working conditions, increasing wages to attract new specialists, and conducting training programs for preparing young professionals. Additionally, it is proposed to modernize the infrastructure, which includes updating technical equipment, electrifying tracks, and implementing modern information systems for tracking shipments. These measures will contribute to a significant increase in the overall efficiency of railway transportation, reduce delays, and minimize technical problems, thus improving logistics processes and the economic situation as a whole.

Keywords: railway transport, freight flows, export cargo, personnel, logistics, infrastructure, Ukraine, JSC "Ukrzaliznytsia".