The influence of external factors and time on the characteristics and condition of materials that make up the destruction array of buildings

Abstract

The article analyzes the impact of external factors and time on the characteristics and condition of materials that make up the array of destroyed buildings. The war has led to large-scale destruction covering entire areas and territories.  It has been determined that the ruins of residential buildings formed as a result of hostilities are characterized by a complex structure that combines the remains of different types of materials—concrete, metal, brick, wood, polymers, glass, and composites. After exposure to high temperatures, dynamic, chemical, and climatic factors, these materials undergo intensive degradation processes. Over time, the properties of such materials change not only due to primary destruction, but also as a result of secondary processes — corrosion, carbonization, hydration, freezing-thawing, biodestruction, etc. The factors that occur at the initial stage of destruction are explosive action and temperature and thermal effects during a fire. The passive existence of the destruction array under the influence of natural climatic factors triggers a time factor of degradation that has a cumulative effect. Three characteristic time stages after destruction have been identified: initial, medium-term, and long-term. It has been determined that the influence of time is exclusively negative, exacerbating the effects of negative factors such as soaking, freezing, corrosion of materials, biological destruction, chemical reactions, and the ultraviolet influence of the sun. It has been proven that the cumulative impact of external factors creates significant complexity and heterogeneity of the materials in the destruction area, which complicates the possibility of using secondary materials as structural materials. The expediency of the preferential use of secondary construction waste from the destruction of buildings and structures in vertical planning and landscaping projects has been substantiated. Using the example of the Lysychansk-Siverskodonetsk agglomeration, a project to expand the ballast profile of roads connecting cities has been proposed as a concept. This project concept is comprehensive in nature and aimed at modernizing the local section of the agglomeration's transport planning framework. Its implementation is possible on the basis of relevant decisions included in the city's master plan. Understanding the rheological processes of changing the properties of materials in the destruction zone serves as the basis for the formation of effective post-war recovery strategies, in particular, decisions on the dismantling, recycling, and reuse of secondary construction waste.