Control Systems for the Dynamic Characteristics of Spindle Units. A Review of Publications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36910/4293-52779-2025-17-02-04Keywords:
self-excited vibrations, cutting stability, active vibration control, spindle unit, electromagnetic bearing, piezoelectric actuator, inertial vibration actuatorAbstract
The article presents a review of modern methods and systems for active vibration control in machining processes, specifically milling and turning. Two main directions are considered: spindle speed variation and machine tool control system optimization. The application of active control systems, including electromagnetic bearings, piezoelectric actuators, and inertial vibration actuators, for improving the dynamic characteristics of the spindle unit and suppressing self-excited vibrations is analyzed in detail. Examples of experimental studies and mathematical models confirming the effectiveness of various approaches in enhancing cutting process stability, improving machined surface quality, and increasing productivity are provided. Particular attention is paid to the comparative analysis of different control algorithms, such as PID, Fuzzy PID, BPNN, and BPNN PID, as well as disturbance suppression and stabilization methods. The application of active magnetic bearings with various configurations (radial, modified radial, and embedded cylindrical magnetic drives) and adaptive control systems based on them is separately considered. The use of piezoelectric actuators for active vibration damping is analyzed, and the results of modeling and experimental studies are presented. The effectiveness of using inertial vibration actuators with different control strategies to improve milling stability is also discussed. Based on the conducted review, a conclusion is made about the promising nature of active vibration control methods for increasing the efficiency and quality of machining. The importance of further research in the direction of practical implementation and improvement of existing control systems, especially for machining flexible parts where the dynamic interaction of the tool and workpiece plays a significant role, is emphasized.
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