Technological Complexes - scientific academic peer-reviewed journal. Journal Specialties: 131 - Applied Mechanics; 151 - Automation and Computer-Integrated Technologies.
Assessment of the Possibility of Cavitation in Pumps
The paper describes the main parameters that affect the cavitation process: flow velocity, pressure, and fluid viscosity. An algorithm is described that takes into account the main parameters of pump operation (pressure, temperature, volumetric flow rate) for automating the calculation of cavitation margin, and its software implementation in Python is performed. The dependence of the cavitation coefficient on temperature for three liquids: water, ethanol, and acetone, is analyzed. The dependence of the cavitation coefficient on the velocity of various liquids is analyzed. Conclusions are made about the influence of temperature and fluid velocity on the cavitation coefficient.
Copyright (c) 2025 Гуменюк П. О., Гуменюк Л. О., Дерлюк С. О. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Challenges and Issues in the Use of Certificate Formats in Modern Information Systems: Pathways to Enhancing Cybersecurity
This article provides an overview of the main digital certificate data formats used to ensure information security and authentication in computer networks. In particular, it examines the most common formats – X.509, PGP, OpenPGP, PKCS – their structure, areas of application, advantages, and disadvantages. The study analyzes how different formats affect compatibility between software tools and presents examples of each format's use in modern security systems. The material may be useful for cybersecurity professionals, system administrators, and software developers working with certificates.
Copyright (c) 2025 Крестьянполь Л. Ю., Чеб Д. О., Кайдик О. Л. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Automated Analysis of Resolution and Contrast of Optical Systems
The paper analyzes factors affecting the quality of optical systems during manufacture and operation. It has been determined that the quality of optical systems is determined not only by the technical characteristics of individual components, but also by a complex of factors covering design, production, assembly, and operation. Methodologies and techniques for analyzing the quality of optical systems are described. An algorithm has been developed and a software implementation of a system for evaluating the quality of optical systems has been performed using modulation transfer function (MTF) analysis with the sloping edge method, with the construction of heat maps and the detection of quality degradation in peripheral areas. It detects test targets in the image, analyzes their boundaries, and calculates key indicators such as MTF50, MTF10, and contrast. Experiments were conducted using a Canon EOS R8 camera with a Canon RF 15-30 mm lens in various configurations, and the effectiveness of the proposed method was tested. The image analysis showed the high quality of the optical system. The results obtained correspond to the physical limitations of the sensor and optics within the scope of the testing.
Copyright (c) 2025 Олекса В. Л., Гуменюк Л. О., Гуменюк П. О. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Systems of Automatic Control of the Technical Condition of the Rolling Stock During the Movement of the Train
The article deals with the improvement of automatic control over the technical condition of rolling stock during train movement. The consequences arising from a malfunction of axlebox node are described, the principles of detecting the emergency heating of the axleboxes are justified. The main detectors of infrared radiation and their characteristics used in temperature control systems are listed. The expediency of updating these devices on Ukrainian railways is substantiated. The paper analyzes both current domestic (PVNAB-3, ASDK-B) and foreign diagnostic control systems, concluding that the rear wall of the axlebox housing is the most rational control area. The authors emphasize the necessity of modernizing Ukrainian systems by implementing microprocessors and full computerization to enhance safety and prevent accidents.
Copyright (c) 2025 Сільник М. Я., Фединець В. О. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Modeling and Optimal Control of the Ethanol Production Process Using the Spatial State Approach
This paper considers the process of preparing a mixture that can be used to optimize the production of food and fuel ethanol. An automatic system for optimal control of the mixture preparation process has been developed, based on measuring the consumption of raw materials and the concentration of the mixture, as well as regulating the water supply. The proposed controller maintains the required mixture level by changing the flow rates. By changing the flow rates of the components, the optimal controller maintains a constant mixture concentration and stabilizes the flows. The developed improved optimal controller is based on robust control of a nonlinear process, which ensures more stable system operation, improved quality of the mash and the final ethanol product, smooth transitions between modes, and energy savings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Маркіна Л. М., Сацик В. О. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Simulation of Product Molding Processes from Powder and Porous Materials
A mathematical model of the formation processes of structurally inhomogeneous porous materials has been developed. The model includes analytical, algorithmic and digital models. The relations of the theory of plasticity of a porous body are used. The theory of plasticity equations are allow to describe the deformation of both powder and porous blanks. Modeling was performed using the finite element method. Two cases of behaiour were considered: the plastic and elasto-plastic ones. Deformation problems were solved step by step, using the sequential loading method. At each of the stages, the necessary parameters of the model were determined as a result of the iterative proceedures. Algorithmic models were implemented in the form of corresponding digital models. In turn The digital model of plastic deformation has the following main blocks: a preprocessor, simulation module, and postprocessor. It is possible to use existing geometric modeling programs, as well as pre- and post-processing data processing programs. The digital model of elastic-plastic deformation was implemented in the form of subroutines, which were implemented in the finite element modeling software systems. To check the adequacy of the developed digital models, the obtained results were compared with experimental data and simulation results obtained by other authors. Double side pressing as well as the free uniaxial straining have been examined in our model to compare it with same pressing paths, obtained by another authors. The patterns of deformation of porous blanks during radial compaction along the inner diameter were studied. Deformation was carried out in two passes. It was established that the deformation of the material occurs locally. The influence of the number of passes on the evolution of the parameters that determine the properties of the products is shown.
Copyright (c) 2025 Михайлов А. О., Штефан Є. В., Михайлов О. В., Штерн М. Б. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Control Systems for the Dynamic Characteristics of Spindle Units. A Review of Publications
The article presents a review of modern methods and systems for active vibration control in machining processes, specifically milling and turning. Two main directions are considered: spindle speed variation and machine tool control system optimization. The application of active control systems, including electromagnetic bearings, piezoelectric actuators, and inertial vibration actuators, for improving the dynamic characteristics of the spindle unit and suppressing self-excited vibrations is analyzed in detail. Examples of experimental studies and mathematical models confirming the effectiveness of various approaches in enhancing cutting process stability, improving machined surface quality, and increasing productivity are provided. Particular attention is paid to the comparative analysis of different control algorithms, such as PID, Fuzzy PID, BPNN, and BPNN PID, as well as disturbance suppression and stabilization methods. The application of active magnetic bearings with various configurations (radial, modified radial, and embedded cylindrical magnetic drives) and adaptive control systems based on them is separately considered. The use of piezoelectric actuators for active vibration damping is analyzed, and the results of modeling and experimental studies are presented. The effectiveness of using inertial vibration actuators with different control strategies to improve milling stability is also discussed. Based on the conducted review, a conclusion is made about the promising nature of active vibration control methods for increasing the efficiency and quality of machining. The importance of further research in the direction of practical implementation and improvement of existing control systems, especially for machining flexible parts where the dynamic interaction of the tool and workpiece plays a significant role, is emphasized.
Copyright (c) 2025 Пономаренко С. В., Сапон С. П. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Automatic Diagnostics of Drill Condition by Several Diagnostic Signs
A key problem in mechanical engineering is the prediction of tool wear in real time. Traditional methods rely on conservative tool replacement, which leads to premature tool replacement or excessive tool wear, as well as increased production downtime. Manual assessment of drill condition is time-consuming. To reduce downtime, it is necessary to perform the process of diagnosing the drill condition in production conditions automatically, with high accuracy. Automatic tool condition monitoring systems have shown great potential for detecting and predicting tool wear, reducing the risk of tool breakage and optimizing tool change intervals, but the prediction accuracy is not always sufficient. This study presents an automatic system for predicting tool life in real time, which helps to solve this limitation by integrating several control modules. The prediction system includes machine-mounted modules for direct control of feed force and cutting power consumption signals, a signal integration module by connecting them for real-time data management, and a data processing module for predicting tool wear. In the last module, based on these signals, an integral indicator of drill wear is generated, the degree of approximation of which to the permissible wear value determines the condition of the drill as “fit for work” or “unfit for work”. Obviously, an approach of model aggregation in machine learning is proposed here, when several models are combined to obtain better results than any individual model gives in order to increase the accuracy, stability and generalization ability of the diagnostic system. The paper uses an aggregated forecasting model based on the use of the axial cutting force signal and the power consumed by the spindle signal to control tool wear.
Copyright (c) 2025 Пальчевський Б. О., Герасимчук Д. Ю. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Classification of Algorithms for Constructing a Path Working with Obstacles
The paper provides an overview and classification of eleven algorithms for constructing a robot path with obstacles, divided into six categories: classical graph-based approaches (A*, Dijkstra), heuristic approaches for dynamic environments (D* Lite, Theta*), metaheuristic strategies (genetic algorithm, RRT), bio-inspired methods (ACO, GWO), probabilistic algorithms (PRM, RRT*), and hybrid algorithms (A* with potential fields). It has been determined that each of the algorithms considered has distinct properties that are important for different classes of planning problems. The main characteristics and advantages of each type of algorithm are described, which is important for their software implementation and comparative analysis of effectiveness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Свирид Ю. В., Гуменюк Л. О., Гуменюк П. О. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Module of Precise Micromovement of a Two-Coordinate Microscope Stage Based on Bimorphic Piezoactuators and its Control Algorithm
The article presents the research and development of a two-coordinate micropositioning module of the object stage based on bimorph piezoelectric actuators using high-precision capacitive displacement sensors. The proposed design combines a coarse displacement module based on stepper motors and a precise displacement module, which provides a comprehensive range of displacements from tens of millimeters to submicrometer values while maintaining high rigidity and compactness of the system. The structural diagram of the stage, the principle of operation of bimorph piezoelectric actuators and the features of force locking using an elastic ring made of beryllium bronze are described. The kinematic model of displacements along the X and Y axes is presented, as well as the mechanism for compensating for angular deviations that arise when an asymmetric force acts on the actuators. Considerable attention is paid to the construction of a feedback system based on three AD7746 capacitive sensors, which provide measurement of the stage position with nanometer accuracy. The principle of operation of the three-electrode sensor system was analyzed and the operating range of the interelectrode gap change was determined. Algorithms for generating control signals were developed to achieve plane-parallel table movement, angular tilt correction, and elimination of nonlinearities of piezoelectric drives. A control system based on the dSPACE DS1104 controller and TREK high-voltage amplifiers provides high speed, control accuracy, and stability of operation in a closed loop. The results of modeling and experimental tests confirmed the possibility of implementing precise positioning in the range of up to ±0.5 mm with submicrometer resolution and minimal parasitic deviations. The proposed module can be effectively used in high-precision mechatronic complexes, optical systems, microbiological research, medical diagnostic installations, and micromechanical technologies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Денисюк В. Ю. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF WEBSITE EFFICIENCY USING GOOGLE PAGESPEED INSIGHTS
The article explores the specifics of determining website efficiency using the Google PageSpeed Insights tool. The main criteria for webpage efficiency are considered, including loading speed, interactivity, and stability of content display. An analysis of existing approaches to website performance evaluation is conducted, and the expediency of using Google PageSpeed Insights for their optimization is substantiated. The practical part of the study focuses on evaluating the efficiency of the website of Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, which allowed identifying key shortcomings and formulating recommendations for their elimination. The theoretical significance of the work lies in clarifying the concept of 'website efficiency' and analyzing methods for its evaluation. The practical value of the research lies in developing recommendations for improving the performance of web resources.
Website efficiency or website effectiveness, Google PageSpeed Insights, optimization, loading speed or page load speed, performance, web technologies.
SIMULATION OF TONE REPRODUCTION OF DIGITAL RAST IMAGES WITH CHANGE OF PAINT THICKNESS
A mathematical model of tonal reproduction of digital raster images for elements of a rhombic shape with a decrease in the thickness of the paint on the tonal transfer interval in combined offset printing systems of a simple design based on an anilox roller, which lacks mechanisms for zonal adjustment of paint supply to a given overlay, has been developed, which makes it possible to perform rasterization of digital images of dark tones and plot the characteristics of the raster transformation, determine the amount of paint on the surface of the raster elements, determine the gradation characteristics of digital images after covering the raster elements with paint, and determine the integral raster optical density of images. In order to simplify the solution of the tasks in the MATLAB: Simulink package, a structural diagram of the model of the simulator for tonal reproduction of digital images with a decrease in paint thickness has been developed, which makes it possible to calculate and build raster characteristics, graphs of the amount of paint on the surface of raster elements and the raster optical density of images, and their results are visualized by the Scope and Display blocks. The presented results of simulation of the given gradation characteristic of the input digital image of a dark tonality is a slightly concave curve and has a small slope at the beginning of the range, which does not cause posterization in the dark areas of the image, therefore, does not impair the research results. Rhombic raster elements stretch the raster characteristic and shift it to darker tones and darken the details in the dark areas of the image and lighten the light ones. It was established that the decrease in the thickness of the paint on the interval significantly affects the amount of paint on the surface of the raster elements, and therefore the tonality of the image. The initial values of the raster optical density of the image is 2.407 units. A decrease in paint thickness significantly reduces the optical density of the image, and at the beginning of the range at L0=50 levels, the difference in optical densities is 0.68 units, which is quite large and quantitatively evaluates the effect of changing the paint thickness on the optical density of the image.
Model, tone reproduction, digital image, rasterization, printing system, paint thickness, simulation, gradation characteristics, optical density.
Copyright (c) 2025 М. М. Луцків, Б. І. Федина, М. Д. Наконечний
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF INSTALLATIONS FOR COOLANT OPERATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CALCULATING THEIR PARAMETERS
The regularities of the process of filtration of technological liquids through porous materials are investigated and highly efficient installations for the operation of lubricating and cooling liquids are developed. It has been established that during operation, liquids are continuously and intensively contaminated with solid particles of metalworking. To restore their properties, process fluids are cleaned of mechanical impurities. The most widely used methods of purifying process fluids are filtration. The use of filtration for the purification of process liquids is the most effective, since filtration through a layer of porous materials can achieve complete removal of solid particles from liquids. The purpose of this work is to study the installations for cleaning lubricating and cooling liquids in mechanical workshops and to develop new highly efficient equipment for cleaning coolant of metal-cutting machines and methods for calculating their parameters. As a result of the implementation of the developments for coolant operation systems and methods for calculating their parameters, the service life of coolant in the technological chain was increased by 3%, the durability of cutting tools was increased by 6-8%, and the quality of machined surfaces was improved. The use of the proposed highly efficient developments of filtering equipment provides complete clarification of coolant and deep removal of solid particles of valuable secondary raw materials of metalworking, in particular for powder metallurgy, creates conditions for the organisation of waste-free production, increases the level of environmental safety at the coolant operation site.
Technological liquids; solid particles; filtration; filtering plants; porous materials; calculation method.
Copyright (c) 2025 В. Ф. Молчанов, Д. В. Латишев
METHOD OF VERIFICATION OF IMPROVEMENT THE METROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ACOUSTIC LEVEL SENSORS
The article describes the measurement of liquid levels in the automation of technological processes in many industries. These measurements are especially important in cases where maintaining a given level of liquids is associated with the conditions of safe operation of the equipment. Today, there are a large number of methods for measuring the level of liquids and bulk solids. Level measurement occurs both in open tanks and in pressurized containers. The principle of operation of acoustic and ultrasonic level meters is based on measuring the time of passage of an ultrasound pulse from the emitter to the surface of the liquid and back. A method for improving the metrological characteristics of the acoustic level sensor ECHO by increasing the resolution of the level sensor has been developed and described.
Ultrasonic radiation, level sensor, testing, acoustic transducer, automated control system, Fourier transform, systematic error, verification.
Copyright (c) 2025 В. Ю Денисюк, Ю. С. Лапченко
IMPROVING PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF PACKAGING EQUIPMENT CONDITION DEGRADATION PROCESS
Predictive Maintenance (PdM) is a condition-based maintenance strategy that relies on real-time equipment monitoring to perform maintenance actions only when necessary, avoiding unnecessary preventive measures. This research aims to develop a comprehensive PdM methodology that integrates the assessment of the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of technological equipment (TE) and its main mechanisms by analyzing their condition degradation process. To this end, it is proposed to equip the TE with a continuous monitoring system for constant automatic collection and processing of statistical data from the current operation of the TE and other diagnostic parameters accompanying the machine's operation (vibration, currents, sound, temperature, performance, recovery rate, etc.). Data collection, combined with software, enables their real-time transformation into a history of the degradation process and, as a result of the analysis, to determine whether there are significant changes indicating a defect in the production process, as well as to specify the requirements for the types and timing of maintenance. An algorithm is proposed for modeling the degradation process and optimizing the maintenance schedule of industrial equipment based on degradation models and an expert system (ES) to support decision-making based on RUL for determining the optimal time for maintenance. A feature of the TE condition research methodology is its two-stage implementation: the first stage investigates the technical condition of the TE as a whole, and the second – its mechanisms. It is in the second stage that the mechanisms requiring maintenance and the type of maintenance are determined. This methodological approach not only increases the intervals between maintenance operations but also assesses the technical condition of the main mechanisms, which increases operational efficiency and minimizes costly downtime. A key feature of this research work lies in its real applicability to TE with multiple mechanisms, as the effectiveness of the proposed framework is evaluated within a real packaging production system.
Predictive Maintenance (PdM), Condition Monitoring Component, Applied Research, RUL – Remaining Useful Life.
OPTIMIZATION OF EQUIPMENT DESIGNS FOR VENEER PRODUCTION USING SOLIDWORKS SOFTWARE
The article shows the introduction of computer technologies for optimizing the designs of equipment for the production of veneer. This will allow optimizing production work with the benefit of both attracting additional investments and maintaining human environmental well-being. A detailed study of the process of operation of an automatic oak veneer line, identifying the main shortcomings in its operation and methods for their elimination, as well as the main methods of optimizing equipment is relevant in modern production conditions. The paper shows the modernization of the hydraulic cylinder housing. The article shows the development of new or testing existing devices for suitability for use in the technology of manufacturing parts of appropriate complexity using modern SolidWorks software.
Veneer, optimization, hydraulic cylinder, SolidWorks.
Copyright (c) 2025 О. Ю. Повстяной, Д. С. Русаков
PREDICTION OF CUTTING PROCESS STABILITY: A REVIEW OF PUBLICATIONS
This article reviews modern methods for predicting the stability of metal cutting processes, a crucial aspect for ensuring the quality and efficiency of machining in mechanical engineering. The authors conduct a systematic analysis of scientific publications dedicated to the construction of Stability Lobe Diagrams (SLD), which define optimal cutting regimes to avoid chatter. The paper considers both theoretical approaches to SLD construction, based on the mathematical modeling of cutting dynamics and the solution of delay differential equations, and experimental methods that utilize data obtained directly during machining. Frequency domain methods, discrete methods, and numerical methods are analyzed, along with experimental approaches such as machine learning based on acoustic signals and the step-by-step increase of cutting depth method. Particular attention is paid to the application of SLD for predicting stability when machining flexible workpieces, where the dynamic interaction between the tool and the workpiece is critically important. A comparative analysis of different SLD construction methods is carried out, identifying their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their areas of application. Based on the review, conclusions are drawn about the relevance of further research in the direction of improving the methods of constructing and practically applying SLDs for optimizing cutting regimes, increasing productivity, and enhancing the quality of machining on various types of machine tools.
Intelligent control systems, spindle unit, stability lobe diagram, chatter, machine learning, vibration prediction.
Copyright (c) 2025 С. П. Сапон, С. В. Пономаренко, Ю. В. Яровий
THE INFLUENCE OF DIGITALIZATION TRENDS ON THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN THE INDUSTRY OF TOURISM
The topicality of the topic is due to the emergence of a new type of so-called "digital tourists" and requires the modernization of the tourism information environment, which is becoming the most important component of modern tourism. At the same time, the level of development of information and communication technologies directly affects all aspects of the organization of the tourist business. Digitization leads to the appearance of virtual trips, online travel companies, spatially distributed network tour operator structures, etc. Technologies of the digital economy make it possible to provide the most personalized interaction that is preferred by most modern travelers. The article presents an analysis of the impact of the fourth industrial revolution on the tourism sphere of the world economy. The trends of innovative technological changes are considered. Examples of the implementation of technological and social megatrends in the world tourism industry are given. Their compliance with technological packages 4.0 and megatrends of future tourism was evaluated. Distinctive features of smart production and innovative smart tourism products are formulated, their economic and social effectiveness, prospects for creating a tourist technological platform are indicated. As a result of the research, the prerequisites for the innovative reproduction of tourism products under the conditions of Industry 4.0, the main technological directions in the trends of world tourism, and the technological parameters of innovative smart regional tourism products were determined. Blockchain provides opportunities to significantly improve the quality and transparency of logistics and procurement activities. The use of biometric data expands the possibilities of payment and use of services that require identification of the visitor. The Internet of Things and smart cities are changing the overall business environment. Social robots and other cyber-physical systems allow you to automate the basic work processes of hotels and restaurants. Given the relative simplicity of the basic content of hotel and restaurant services, the hospitality industry, like many other industries, is under the influence of a number of technological trends. Summarizing the role of already used and promising digital technologies, they can be characterized as a qualitative transition from the digitalization of individual business tasks and processes to the digital transformation of the entire business.
Industrial revolution 4.0, tourism sector of the economy, digital technologies, digitalization, information technologies, HORECA, tourism technology platform.
PRINCIPLES OF OPTIMIZATION THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF WEB FORMS
The author deals with the concept of usability in the context of web forms. The typical structure of the web form is described. The requirements to be met when developing a web form are given. The author identifies tools for optimizing web forms and gives examples of their successful and unsuccessful implementation.
Copyright (c) 2019 Technological Complexes
DYNAMIC SYNTHESIS OF JOGGING PROCESS OF SHEETS IN A STACK ON THE JOGGERS
The article conducted analysis of factors affecting the quality and productivity of the formation of sheets in a stack on the joggers and the dynamic synthesis of the jogging process. The purpose of the work is determination of such parameters of jogging perturbation and the angle of inclination of the vibrate table, at which the alignment will take within the shortest time. The jogging process, which contains the running start and run out, is the considered in detail. The hypothesis has pulled out and confirmed that under jogging conditions there may be conditions under which a stack of sheets will be in the state of "free-body". It`s represented, that moving of the stack is possible only when the table is tilted and vibrated, the acceleration amplitude of which will be not less than the acceleration of the Earth's gravity. The time of stay of the table is in the state of "free body" determined depending on the angle of inclination, frequency and amplitude of the vibration table. The following graphs it is possible to estimate time of alignment of sheets in a stack of from the angle and vibration parameters.
frequency and amplitude of the vibration
SIMULATION OF BOUNDARY LAYER UNDER LAMINAR AND TURBULENT MODES OF NEWTONIAN FLUID MOTION IN A FLEXIBLE PIPELINE
The article deals with the modeling of boundary layer parameters for Newtonian fluids under laminar and turbulent modes of motion. Based on the system of Prandtl equations and initial boundary conditions under laminar motion, using the Gallorkin method, a tri-diagonal system of equations is formed, which connects the values of functions at the node of nets n+1 across the boundary layer. The numerical method uses the Thomas algorithm to calculate values Ujn+. The velocity value Vjn+1 is determined from the continuity equation by integration across the boundary layer. The Navier-Stokes equation in dimensionless form was used to model the turbulent boundary layer, given the velocity U is an independent variable. The differential equation system was solved using the numerical Dorodnicin method. The results of modeling the velocity distribution in the boundary layer, the thickness of the boundary layer in the section of the flexible pipeline 0.8-1.5 m from the beginning of the fluid entering the pipeline at the expense up to 0.1 kg/s are presented.
RESEARCH OF BAROTHERMAL DESTRUCTION DEVICES OF MULTIPLE COMPOUND CEREALS ON THE BASE OF THE GRAIN BREAD BAKING AUTOMATIC
The characteristics of the devices of barothermal destruction of cereals on the basis of the forming and baking device of the automatic machine for baking grain cereals are investigated. Characteristics of thermal modes were obtained with the use of many cell matrix-forming elements and the dependence of the temperature expansion of the interacting elements for different temperature ranges. The dependence between the locking force of the matrix, which guarantees the receipt of quality product and the force of the drive, is determined. The obtained characteristics are analyzed in order to improve the parameters and characteristics of the machine.
USE OF THE OPTIOELECTRONIC ВБХ 731.4 MEASURING COMPLEX IN BALLISTIC RESEARCH
The practice describes the use of certain measuring equipment to determine the affiliation of certain items to firearms. The author analyzes the study of firearms, and conducts an experiment to determine the specific kinetic energy of projectiles to hit a target. To conduct the experiment, the author uses the ВБХ 731.4 measuring complex in accordance with current methods.
INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF PROCESSING AMBER BALLS FOR DECORATION
The purpose of the work is creation of productive automatic machines for grinding amber beads with minimal coasts for its manufacture and expluatation, providing high quality through parallel processing of the rocker, modal principle, the active control and computer control
THE QUALITY MODEL OF POSTPRESS PROCESSES DESIGNING
Тhe essence of the phasification process is described. The set of linguistic variables of the process of designing the post-printing processes is distinguished: publication indicators, design features, operating conditions, type of production, materials, type of equipment, technological and economic calculations, scheme of technological process. Partial quality indicators of linguistic variables have been formed: quality of publication formation, quality of production organization, quality of planning. The notation and linguistic nature of each variable, the universal sets of values, and the corresponding linguistic terms are given. A multilevel model of fuzzy inference is constructed: formation of an integral indicator of the quality of design of post-printing processes. The preconditions for the prognostic evaluation of the quality of the analyzed process were created by accumulating information from the lowest level of the model to the highest
TECHNICAL SUPPORT OF AEROBIC FERMENTATIONPROCESSES
The article shows that aerobic fermentation of sugar-containing media requires the presence of dissolved oxygen in them. In most cases, the latter condition is fulfilled by the introduction and dispersion in the liquid phase of the air, which is compressed to levels corresponding to hydrostatic pressures with some exaggeration. The formation of the dispersed gas phase is accompanied by the interaction of the inlet air and the liquid phase, the efficiency of which is determined by the formed contact surface. The study presents generalizations that relate to the dynamics of biomass growth and correlate with the amount of oxygen introduced into the system. It is important that oxygen refers to gases with limited solubility, and therefore the hydrodynamic state and the interfacial surface are among the factors of intensification of mass transfer processes. It is also shown that the nominal estimation of the hydrodynamic state of gas-liquid media should begin with an assessment of the aeration intensity and it is proposed to take the reduced gas phase velocity as the ratio of the volume air flow to the cross-sectional area of the apparatus. Turning to the indicator of the reduced speed negates the influence of geometrical parameters in the form of the ratio of height and diameter. The results of the process and the efficiency of the equipment used are determined by the performance indicators in the form of concentrations of microorganisms and the output rate of the input power supply. The combination of these requirements leads to the need to combine the maximum achievable concentrations of dissolved oxygen and the minimum concentrations of sugars. The features of the double influence of ambient temperatures in the manifestations of the optimal for microorganisms and for the solubility of gases in accordance with Henry's law are shown, the values of Henry constants are given. The list of factors of influence includes such physical parameters of the environment as viscosity, surface tension, osmotic pressure, hydrostatic pressure, temperature. It is determined that the presence of dissolved nitrogen has an influence on the hydrodynamics of gas-liquid media due to changes in hydrostatic pressure in the circulation circuits.
DYNAMICS AND ENERGY PROVISION OF CARGO TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IN FOOD PACKING LINES
The work is related to the search for the possibilities of using internal energy resources in transport and technological systems by the example of food packaging lines packed in glass containers. Trends in switching to high-performance lines have led to the need for their equipment with dual-purpose transport systems. Obviously, the first task is to ensure the movement of artificial products in the respective sections between units of technological machines, and the second component of their task - to fulfill the role of storage devices in combination with the need for restructuring mass flows. This combination of tasks has led to the exclusive use of closed circuit circuits with two friction planes in transport systems. Meanwhile, it is known that energy costs in mechanical systems are associated with the need to achieve the specified levels of kinetic energy of the moving masses in order to overcome the forces of harmful and useful resistance. The peculiarity of such transport systems is the constant presence of transients and dynamic components of loads. The study complements the known dynamic manifestations with new ratios of indicators for the possibility of energy recovery. In the transportation systems for glass production of foodstuffs, the driving factors in most cases are represented by friction forces. Simultaneously, the closure of kinematic pairs between the products and the supporting moving planes is due to gravity forces, which, in cases where their velocities do not coincide, leads to the formation of an additional friction plane with a corresponding increase in energy costs and dynamic components of the loads. The uneven velocity of the closed circuit circuits is accompanied by additional relative displacements at certain ratios of kinematic and geometric parameters. An appropriate set of parameters is achievable by eliminating these additional displacements of the product arrays relative to the reference planes and limiting energy costs. The use of rigid kinematic bonds in parallel systems allows for changes in velocities in counter-phases and provides energy recovery. With stabilized kinematic parameters, compared to single-stream systems, higher loads of drive motors with improved performance are achieved.
CLASSIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGICAL MACHINES BY THE NATURE OF THE INTERACTION OF THEIR WORKING AND INFORMATION PROCESSES
The article describes some problematic issues related to the analysis and classification of technological machines and shows possible ways to improve their perfection in designing based on the use of the latest achievements of intellectual production, development of mechatronics and digital modeling. The purpose of the work is to improve the methods of achieving a given level of quality of technological equipment at the stage of their design, as well as the formation of a new principle for predicting the quality of machines by the controllability parameter.
KOMPLEKSÓW ŚCIANOWYCH KOMBAJNOWYCH I STRUGOWYCH DO URABIANIA CIENKICH POKŁADÓW W LUBELSKI WĘGIEL „BOGDANKA” S.A.
The development of layers of small and medium capacity is becoming an increasingly urgent problem of world mining production. In many countries, powerful deposits are developed to a large extent. There are numerous reserves of high-quality coal in medium and thin layers. The most realistic methods of extracting such layers are systems equipped with mechanized benches with the help of combines or plows. Both have been used in the mining industry for a very long time. Airplanes were developed and introduced in the 1940s. Since then, it has been the dominant method of developing medium-capacity coal seams. Unfortunately, their failure rate, ongoing operational problems, and significant advances in combine harvester technology led to their almost complete replacement by long-cut harvesters in the 1990s. Fortunately, the development of static coal jets has allowed us to mine coal in seams where this was previously impossible.
Copyright (c) 2018 Я. Зубрицький, А. Свіч, Л. Войцеховський
DRIVE POWER OF THE EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CORRUGATED BOARD INVOLUTES OF DISTRIBUTION PACKAGING (JUSTIFICATION OF THE CALCULATION METHOD)
It has been established that the provision of modern industrial goods by the large-sized distributional packaging of corrugated board is related to the complexity of manufacture of involutes using die-cutting equipment. Large-sized involutes are obtained from several individual by gluing or binding with saddle stitching, that greatly complicates the technological process. A new technological process is proposed to eliminate the drawbacks and the unit for manufacturing large-sized involutes by means of scissor cutting with moving disk tools is developed, driven by a crank-sliding mechanism. In the article has been obtained mathematical expressions for invariants of kinematic parameters, relative instantaneous power, which spent by the unit for the manufacture of the large-sized involute of corrugated board.
Copyright (c) 2018 I. Регей, П.І. Бехен, С.В. Терницький, Т.В. Коваль