ANALYSIS OF CREATING A UNIFORM SEED FLOW TO THE FURROW

Abstract

The sowing process must ensure that the seeds are distributed well over the seedbed, thus providing each seed with nutrients and moisture. The initial uniform flow of seeds is created in the seeding unit of the seeder, where the seeds are placed evenly on the seeding element, transported to the discharge zone and directed to the furrow. An important condition for the coulter to work is not only to create a furrow, but also to maintain a uniform flow of seeds and to place individual seeds at the bottom of the furrow at equal distances from each other and to cover them. Therefore, the choice of a coulter in accordance with the chosen cultivation technology of the respective crop and soil and climatic conditions is an important task. Providing seeds with the best conditions for their development is the link that connects high-quality sowing with a good harvest. According to the technological principle, the coulters are divided into three groups: with a sharp, blunt and straight angle of entry into the soil. Coulters with a sharp angle of penetration (anchor and tine coulters) form a furrow by moving the soil layer from the bottom up, resulting in a loose furrow bottom. Ploughshares with an obtuse angle of penetration (keel, skid and disk) create a furrow by pressing the soil layer from top to bottom, thus creating a compacted furrow bottom. Coulters with a straight angle of entry into the soil (tubular) push the soil layers apart, forming a furrow. The main advantages and disadvantages of each type of coulter are analyzed and determined. The possibilities of different cultivation technologies and different soil and climatic conditions are analyzed. To ensure the quality of the sowing process, when choosing the right sowing unit and coulter group, it is necessary to accurately assess the climatic conditions, soil type and its physical and mechanical properties, moisture supply and field topography. The use of continuous and strip sowing will increase sowing productivity due to the higher speed of the sowing unit and preserve moisture in the soil. Therefore, taking into account the above factors, we will be able to choose the right coulter for the appropriate technology for growing a particular crop.