CALCULATIONS OF THE BALANCE OF MACROELEMENTS WHEN GROWING WINTER WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FG "NIVA" OF THE DUBNO DISTRICT OF THE RIVNE REGION

Abstract

Among the branches of crop production, the most important is grain farming. It is the basis of all agricultural production. Therefore, the power of the state, the well-being of its population, and the receipt of foreign exchange largely depend on grain and its processed products. An important condition for the sustainable development of the country's agro-industrial complex is the rational use of agricultural land. Restoring soil fertility and obtaining high grain yields is impossible without the use of fertilizers. The balance of plant mineral nutrition elements is the most objective indicator of the degree of impoverishment or enrichment of the soil with certain elements. The balance of nutrients is an important characteristic that reflects the level of agricultural production. With an optimal balance of nutrients, fertilizer doses and costs are reduced and crop productivity increases. Disruption of the balance of nutrients leads not only to a decrease in soil fertility, but also to negative environmental consequences. This is especially true for nitrogen. The research was conducted in the conditions of the FG "Niva"  in the Dubno district of the Rivne region on podzolized chernozems. The paper presents calculations of the balance of macroelements in the cultivation of winter wheat. The balance of macroelements in the soil shows the balance between the intake and removal of nutrients. The results of the calculations show that in the conditions of the FG "Niva"  there is a certain irrational use of mineral fertilizers. In order to reduce the balance of macroelements to certain norms, it is necessary to adjust the doses of mineral fertilizers, namely, it is necessary to add 5-10 kg/ha dry matter of nitrogen, 15 kg/ha dry matter of phosphorus. As for potassium, the balance calculations indicate that its application can be reduced by 25 kg/ha. In order to optimize the balance of macronutrients and humus content, we recommend applying fermented organic fertilizers - 7-10 t/ha. To verify mathematical calculations, it is necessary to conduct laboratory studies of the content of macronutrients in the soil before applying fertilizers and after harvesting.