Research of the main technical and operational indicators of the D21F1 engine in the process of using SME-based biodiesel fuel

Abstract

Currently, in the field of alternative fuels, there is a constant increase in their production. In Europe and the world, increasingly stringent environmental standards are being introduced (Euro 6, from 2025 Euro 7), the application of which imposes requirements on cars and motor fuels that increase their environmental safety. However, most alternative fuels cannot be considered as ready-to-use motor fuels by themselves. This is due to the fact that the operational and environmental properties of most alternative fuels do not correspond to the properties of commercial fuels. This problem can be solved in two main ways:

1) improving the properties of alternative fuels by refining and purifying them;

2) using mixtures of alternative fuels with commercial fuels in certain ratios that will not harm either the engine or the environment.

A lot of attention from scientists is paid to the study of rapeseed-based biodiesel. Of the plants suitable for biofuel production, the largest sown area in Ukraine is wheat and sunflower. Spring and winter rapeseed, soybeans, corn and sugar beets are also grown. Almost all of these plants, except soybeans and wheat, pose a danger to the soil. Therefore, based on the above, soybeans are more promising for obtaining biodiesel fuel.

Before starting the study of the load characteristics of the D21A1 diesel engine, the gearshift lever of the gearbox was set to direct transmission (fourth gear).

The diesel engine was tested according to the load characteristics when changing the engine speed from 800 to 2000 rpm.

Before the start of the tests, the diesel engine was warmed up to an oil temperature of at least 40°C.