Multi-criteria synthesis of organizational and technological solutions in the construction of energy-saving civil buildings

Abstract

The work is devoted to solving the scientific and applied problem of leveling the «energy gap» of buildings by improving organizational and technological solutions (OTR) directly at the stage of construction and installation works. The relevance of the study is due to the increase in requirements for energy efficiency of modern buildings and the need to ensure that actual energy consumption indicators correspond to design values. A new mathematical model of multi-criteria synthesis is proposed, which formalizes the dependence between the spatial-temporal parameters of construction flows and losses of thermal uniformity of enclosing structures, taking into account the influence of technological breaks, weather conditions and the human factor. Unlike traditional approaches, which are based mainly on calendar planning, the work uses a method of optimizing technological gaps between the processes of installing thermal insulation and its sealing. This allows to minimize the occurrence of defects associated with a violation of the continuity of the thermal insulation contour and reduce heat loss even at the stage of construction of the object. A computational experiment conducted using simulation modeling and variant analysis proves that the transition to industrialized assembly with a high degree of spatial combination generates a significant synergistic effect: the energy consumption of technological processes at the construction stage is reduced by 26,2%, and the subsequent operational energy consumption is reduced by 35,1%.
It was established that despite the local increase in the initial estimated cost by 4%, the integral criterion of technological efficiency increases from 0,84 to 1,11, which indicates the economic feasibility of implementing the proposed solutions in the medium and long term. Additionally, it is substantiated that the optimization of organizational and technological parameters has a positive effect on the quality of work, reduces the risks of hidden defects and increases the reliability of the operational characteristics of buildings.
The proposed organizational and technological model allows you to reduce the construction time of the facility by 21,4%, increase the level of controllability of construction processes and serves as a reliable tool for guaranteeing the achievement of design indicators of buildings with almost zero energy consumption (nZEB), which meets modern European standards of energy efficiency and sustainable development of construction.