Modern structural systems for general secondary education institutions with protective structures: materials and technologies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36910/6775-2410-6208-2026-15(25)-26Keywords:
school buildings, protective structures, cast-in-place frame system, fiber-reinforced concrete, progressive collapseAbstract
The article analyzes modern structural systems, materials and technologies used in the design of general secondary education institutions with built-in or attached civil defense protective structures. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to ensure continuity of the educational process under wartime threats in Ukraine, when a school building must combine educational and protective functions. The aim of the article is to identify structural solutions capable of ensuring safety, functional suitability, durability and further use of protective spaces in peacetime. The study applies comparative analysis of regulatory requirements, generalization of scientific publications, systematization of structural solutions and architectural-planning analysis of shelters within educational facilities. The expediency of using a cast-in-place reinforced concrete frame system as a basis for integrating protective structures into school buildings is substantiated, since it provides spatial rigidity, planning flexibility and reserve redistribution of forces. Special attention is given to the use of fiber-reinforced concrete and combined reinforcement in slabs, beams and frame joints that may be subjected to dynamic, impact and blast loads. The article analyzes the localization of progressive collapse, sealing of joints and utility penetrations, ventilation, autonomous life-support systems and natural lighting through tubular daylighting systems. The engineering and technological conditions required for the suitability of such spaces for prolonged occupancy are identified. It is established that the effectiveness of a school building with a protective structure depends on the coordination of the structural scheme, engineering equipment, planning logic and operational scenarios. An integrative approach is proposed, in which the shelter is considered a permanent element of educational infrastructure suitable for safe stay, learning activities and further adaptation
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