Current Issues of Occupational Safety, Civil and Technogenic Security

ASSESSMENT OF THE RESCUE AND SELF-RESCUE SYSTEM FOR UNDERGROUND WORKERS

О.М. Борта, А.М. Борта, В.Ю. Тарасов — Fri, 09 May 2025 11:41:03 +0000

Purpose. The study includes an analysis of the length of mine workings and an assessment of the time required for the safe evacuation of miners, as well as the ventilation scheme of the mining section. Additionally, the calculation of the protective operational duration of self-rescuers is conducted to determine whether there is sufficient time to exit the potential hazard zone.

Methodology. The methodology involves analyzing the length of mine workings, assessing the time required for the safe evacuation of miners, and evaluating the ventilation scheme of the mining section. A calculation of the protective operational duration of self-rescuers is also performed to determine whether the available time is sufficient for escaping the potential hazard zone.

Results. Ensuring worker safety in the mining industry is currently one of the top priorities that requires attention at all levels. One of the key factors affecting miner safety is their ability to evacuate in the event of an emergency.

Novelty. There is a high risk that workers may be unable to leave the hazardous area due to the absence of strategies and procedures to ensure their safety in such situations. This issue demands special attention from designers and mining professionals to minimize risks and guarantee the safety of individuals working in these conditions. This approach clearly conveys the seriousness of the problem and the need for a more in-depth analysis that considers all potential risks in mine design.

Practical significance. When designing mining sections, mining enterprises must take into account the possibility of conducting rescue operations, including self-rescue and miner evacuation in emergency situations. This is crucial because, in complex mining and geological conditions, rescue teams may be unable to reach the accident site in a timely manner.

PRINCIPLES OF APPLICATION OF ULTRATHIN COATINGS FOR SHIELDING ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF MAN-MADE ORIGIN

Н.Б. Бурдейна, Valentyn Glyva, Yana Biruk, Tetiana Petrunok, Iryna Aznaurian — Sat, 10 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose. To develop the principles of using ultrathin metallized coatings for shielding electromagnetic radiation of technogenic origin.

Methods. Theoretical justification of obtaining ultrathin metal coatings for optimal shielding of electromagnetic fields of ultrahigh and higher frequencies. Empirical confirmation that sputtering a thin metal layer on glass provides protection from the effects of electromagnetic radiation and does not significantly reduce the penetration of daylight.

Results. It was established that the reflection coefficient for coatings up to 10 nm thick can provide reflection coefficients of electromagnetic waves up to 25 dB. Calculation relations are provided for determining the conductivity of a metal film, which is significantly different from the bulk conductivity and determines the value of the shielding coefficient. The dependences of the reflection coefficients of sputtering in common metals on the film thickness are provided. The effect of achieving a maximum reflection coefficient at a certain film thickness is established. It is calculated to show what happens when the film thickness is equal to the skin layer thickness for a given radiation frequency. This makes it possible to optimize the thickness of the metal coating both from the point of view of electromagnetic safety and based on lighting needs.

Novelty. Based on calculations, it was established that a stable value of the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic waves is achieved at a certain frequency of the electromagnetic field, provided that the film thickness reaches the thickness of the skin layer in the metal.

Practical significance. It was established that in the ultrahigh and ultrahigh frequency ranges, the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic waves for a fixed film thickness practically does not depend on the radiation frequency. To increase the shielding efficiency of glass with metal coating, it is desirable to ground the metallized layer.

STUDY OF THERMOCATALYTIC COMBUSTIBLE GAS SENSORS UNDER WATER INGRESS INTO THEIR GAS DIFFUSION FILTERS

Vasyl Holinko, Valentyna Zabelina, Oleg Kuznetsov — Sat, 10 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose. To investigate the impact of accidental water ingress into the metal-ceramic gas diffusion filters of thermocatalytic sensors on the performance of explosion hazard monitoring devices.

Methods. The study employs experimental research methods under laboratory conditions using serial thermocatalytic pellistor-type sensors with a non-selective platinum-palladium catalyst. The results are assessed and generalized.

Results. The conducted research allowed us to evaluate the effect of water ingress into thermocatalytic sensors with metal-ceramic filter elements on the performance of explosion hazard monitoring devices. It was found that even after multiple instances of water ingress using distilled water, the characteristics of the thermocatalytic sensors remained unchanged after the filter elements dried. When exposed to purified mineralized water, repeated water ingress led to zero drift in gas analyzers and, in some cases, a slight decrease in sensitivity. In contrast, exposure to unpurified mineralized water resulted in zero drift across all analyzers and a reduction in sensitivity.

Novelty. It was established that repeated water ingress into the metal-ceramic gas diffusion filters of thermocatalytic sensors using unpurified highly mineralized water leads to zero drift of gas analyzers toward positive values and a reduction in sensitivity. This effect is attributed to the accumulation of salt deposits on the inner surface of the filters and an increase in the gas diffusion resistance of the filter.

Practical significance. The findings establish conditions under which it is necessary to check and calibrate explosion hazard monitoring devices based on the thermocatalytic method when operating in coal mines and early hazard detection systems at oil and gas facilities.

RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF FIELD RUNOFF ON THE OCCURRENCE OF THE EUTROPHICATION PROCESS OF WATER INTAKES

Viktor Kostenko, Maryna Tavrel — Sat, 10 May 2025 07:49:51 +0000

Purpose. The goal of this study is to reveal the mechanism of the impact of changes in the nutrient content of the chemical composition of aquatic habitats on the life activity of cyanobacteria, particularly their development and reproduction in the presence of mineral fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

Research Pethodology. Experimental methods were used to conduct the research, including laboratory microscopic studies and testing the impact of concentrations of key biogenic elements on the cyanobacteria population in aquatic environments. Observations of the color of solutions and the presence of sediment allowed the determination of the effect of mineral fertilizers on the processes of eutrophication and biological development of aquatic ecosystems.

Results. The article discusses the problem of protecting water intakes from eutrophication caused by runoff of mineral fertilizers from fields. It reveals the mechanism of the impact of nutrient changes in the chemical composition of aquatic habitats on the life activity of cyanobacteria. The research found that the dissolution of complex mineral fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) in water at concentrations up to 10 g/L promotes the active development of cyanobacteria, accompanied by the complete binding of mineral additives and intense oxygen consumption. Adding fertilizers in quantities greater than 1 g/L leads to a sharp increase in the growth rate of the cyanobacteria population, triggering conditions for water bloom. Enrichment of the habitat’s food base with fertilizers results in explosive growth of the biocenosis and accelerated consumption of dissolved substances. The average phosphorus absorption rate reached more than 17 g/(Lday), and nitrogen absorption reached 30 g/(Lday). The formation of sediment and foam in experimental vessels was associated with the depletion of nutrients and the death of hydrobionts. This phenomenon may serve as an indicator of reduced oxygen levels in the water. The results of the experiment confirmed the ability of cyanobacteria to intensively convert dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus in water into bound organic forms. This opens up prospects for creating biological methods and means of protecting water intakes from the creation of hazardous environments.

Scientific novelty. For the first time, the interaction mechanism between mineral fertilizers and the processes of cyanobacteria development in aquatic habitats has been analyzed. The obtained data on critical concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus that contribute to the intense development of cyanobacteria and eutrophication of water sources are important for water resource protection. It was also found for the first time that the addition of fertilizers at concentrations greater than 1 g/L leads to a significant increase in the growth rate of the cyanobacteria population, which can result in water blooming and deterioration of water quality at water intakes.

Practical significance. The results of the study can be used to develop new biological methods and technologies for protecting water intakes from eutrophication processes caused by excessive use of mineral fertilizers in agriculture. The obtained data also allow for more accurate forecasting and control of the impact of anthropogenic load on aquatic ecosystems, which is important for improving water quality, particularly in water supply systems. Developing such methods may be an important step in addressing water supply issues and water resource protection in regions with intensive agricultural production.

FEATURES OF INJURIES AMONG PERSONNEL OF RESCUE UNITS OF THE STATE EMERGENCY SERVICE OF UKRAINE IN WAR CONDITIONS

Tetiana Kostenko — Sat, 10 May 2025 08:11:57 +0000

Purpose. Determination of the main measures to reduce injuries to personnel of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine based on the analysis of statistical data and the causes of accidents involving personnel of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine units.

Methodology. A comprehensive research method was used, which includes an analysis of literary sources, an analysis of occupational injuries in the units of the State Emergency Service.

Results. An analysis of injuries in the units of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine for 2023 was conducted. Compared to similar indicators in 2022, it was found that the number of accidents in 2023 decreased by 7%, and the number of victims of accidents by 9%, the number of people who died while performing their official duties decreased by 35%. The distribution of the number of injured and deceased persons while performing assigned tasks in the units of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine by type of work was analyzed. It was found that the largest number of victims were injured during firefighting and emergency rescue operations. The most common causes of accidents in 2023 were armed aggression by the russian federation, personal carelessness, and the unsatisfactory condition of the production environment, buildings, and structures in the territory. The peculiarities of injuries to personnel of the State Emergency Service units during the dismantling of rubble from building structures as a result of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine were analyzed, and the proposed measures to reduce the level of occupational injuries among personnel were also considered.

Scientific novelty of the results obtained lies in the fact that the study of the characteristics of personnel injuries during the performance of assigned tasks and the study of the causes of accidents, including under martial law, have been further developed.

Practical significance consists in the possibility of using the obtained results of personnel injury analysis for planning measures to reduce injury.

GENERAL BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS ON CIVIL PROTECTION AND OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY IN UKRAINE

Valentyna Loboychenko, Valentyna Fedorchuk-Moroz, Olga Shevchenko — Sat, 10 May 2025 10:55:56 +0000

Purpose. Is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications on civil protection and occupational safety in Ukraine to assess the overall state of the issue and identify development trends.

Methodology. The research tool used is the specialized software VOSviewer, applying keyword searches in the scientometric database Scopus.

Results. The results of the first stage of the study revealed the dynamics of changes in the number of publications from 1952 to 2025, the main countries of the authors addressing the mentioned issue, the authors with the highest number of publications, and the institutions with the highest publication rates. In the second stage, the relationships between the co-occurrence of keywords, their temporal frequency, and the density of occurrences were visualized. Furthermore, the distribution of co-authors by country was analyzed, and the main trends in the development of the research area were identified.

Novelty. Lies in the fact that this is the first general bibliometric analysis of scientific publications in the field of civil protection and occupational safety using VOSviewer, with the identification of four clusters based on the co-occurrence of keywords and four clusters based on the countries of the authors. The further development of the issue in the field of civil protection and occupational safety is shown, including a shift from research on radiation effects related to the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster, and an intensification of studies on humanitarian crises, pandemics, refugees, mental and physical health, the consequences of war, sustainable development, and stronger collaboration with European scientists.

Practical significance. Lies in providing a comprehensive assessment of the state of the issue in the analyzed scientific publications and in the reasoned identification of directions for future research. In turn, the information gathered will allow specialists to make well-informed decisions and effectively allocate resources when conducting research in the field of occupational safety and civil protection.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHOD FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF PERFORMING EMERGENCY AND RESCUE WORK IN CONDITIONS OF POSSIBLE COMBAT INJURY

Ihor Malovyk, Serhii Stepanchuk, Valerii Strilets, Andrii Khyzhniak — Sat, 10 May 2025 11:16:24 +0000

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for increasing the efficiency of emergency rescue operations by rescuers in conditions of possible combat damage.

Methods. Is to assess the quality indicators of the functioning of the system “rescuer - means of protection and provision of emergency rescue operations - emergency situation with the possibility of combat damage” with a given level of significance based on the results of physical modeling of emergency rescue operations in conditions of possible combat damage by the enemy with further substantiation of operational and technical recommendations to rescuers.

Results. Consists in developing and testing operational and technical recommendations in accordance with the laws of reducing the time of operational activities of rescuers, which are obtained based on the results of physical modeling of emergency rescue operations, and involves the sequential implementation of five procedures, namely: – determination of limitations that are characteristic of emergency rescue operations in conditions of possible combat damage; – assessment of the quality indicators of the functioning of the system “rescuer – means of protection and provision of emergency rescue operations – emergency situation with the possibility of combat damage” based on the results of physical modeling of personnel actions; – obtaining functional dependencies of the quality indicators of emergency rescue operations in conditions of possible combat damage from the factors selected for analysis; – justification of operational and technical recommendations; – selection of recommendations for implementation in regulatory documents based on the results of statistical assessments of how significant the effectiveness of their implementation is.

Novelty. The first time (scientific novelty) a methodology has been developed to increase the efficiency of emergency rescue operations by rescuers in conditions of possible combat damage, which is based on a mathematical model of increasing the efficiency of emergency rescue operations in conditions of possible combat damage.

Practical significance. Development of practical recommendations, for example, on improving the effectiveness of rescuer training.

RESEARCH ON THE MOVEMENT SPEED OF LOW-MOBILITY POPULATION GROUPS IN CIVIL PROTECTION SHELTERS

Oleksandr Nuianzin — Sat, 10 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose. To accurately assess the entry and exit time of civil protection shelters, it was considered that the existing facilities were not adapted to the needs of persons with disabilities and other low-mobility population groups. A series of computer simulations were conducted to model descent and ascent under various conditions and group compositions. The simulations utilized a complex architectural layout to account for all distinctive features of human movement within a crowd.

Methods. The individual-flow movement calculation method was selected to estimate the descent and exit times. This method, in contrast to simplified analytical models, incorporates the heterogeneity of the human flow, considering varying mobility capacities and the projected human body area.

Results. Baseline computational experiments were performed to obtain reference values. The geometric parameters and boundary conditions of the evacuation routes were set in accordance with regulatory requirements.

Novelty. Simulations of descent and ascent under maximum permissible deviations from evacuation route design standards indicated that the movement time of low-mobility population groups increased by 15 and 22 seconds, respectively, compared to the baseline experiment. Furthermore, the introduction of smart assistive devices resulted in an almost twofold increase in movement time. These findings demonstrate that while smart assistive devices and additional equipment improve comfort and accessibility for low-mobility population groups, they considerably prolong the descent and ascent duration.

Practical significance. The study underscores the necessity of integrating adaptive design principles in civil protection shelters to balance accessibility with evacuation efficiency for vulnerable population groups.

RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TRAINING THE CIVILIAN POPULATION IN FIRST AID SKILLS

Olha Chencheva, Yevhenii Lashko, Oleh Rohovenko, Oleh Horbenko — Sat, 10 May 2025 11:33:03 +0000

The purpose of the work is to assess the knowledge and skills of providing first aid to individuals without medical education, to determine the level of readiness to provide assistance based on the results of the training.

Methodology. In order to assess the effectiveness of the training, 81 training sessions on the basics of first aid were conducted using computerized mannequins, simulators and training equipment. The effectiveness of training in the basics of first aid was determined using a modified checklist from the AHA recommendations and from the ERC recommendations, which includes the following parameters: safety check, shoulder movements, call for help, head turn, airway control, breathing control. The quality of the acquired knowledge and the effectiveness of practical skills were measured using open-ended and multiple-choice questions regarding clinical scenarios. Readiness, self-confidence and changes in self-efficacy were measured using a five-point Likert scale. The main psychological factors that form the indecision and reluctance of civilians to provide first aid to the victim were systematized.

Results. The study showed that training in the basics of first aid significantly increased the level of knowledge of non-medical personnel immediately after training and showed interest in improving the acquired skills. The main problems in conducting theoretical and practical training, selecting forms and methods for the purpose of effective training in first aid skills were identified: the use of role-playing games, situational tasks, video fragments with error detection. Analysis of the most common errors will allow to increase the effectiveness of first aid and the quality of training in this area.

Scientific novelty. The conducted training in the basics of first aid and the assessment of its effectiveness allows to form a training program for training in the basics of first aid, taking into account the needs of the age categories of the civilian population.

Practical significance. The results obtained can be used by teachers and trainers of first aid in order to reduce the number of errors made during practical exercises, improve the quality and efficiency of training of the civilian population and increase the level of readiness to save the victim.