Current Issues of Occupational Safety, Civil and Technogenic Security
Луцький національний технічний університет
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SAFETY CULTURE MODELS IN ORGANIZATIONS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF ISO 45001:2018
Purpose. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the main models of safety culture to determine the possibilities of their practical application in order to assess the effectiveness of occupational health and safety management systems in accordance with the requirements of ISO 45001:2018. Methods. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: identification of key safety culture indicators that correspond to the structure of ISO 45001:2018; expert assessment of the compliance of models with the specified requirements; generalization of theoretical approaches and development of recommendations for improving existing models for assessing safety culture in enterprises. Results. The study found that the Bradley curve model most comprehensively covers the indicators relevant to ISO 45001:2018. Other models have their own specific advantages (the Rison model emphasizes systemic barriers, the Hudson and Westrum models emphasize evolutionary maturity and information flow, the Shane model emphasizes deep cultural layers, the Cooper model emphasizes dynamic interaction between components, the Geller model emphasizes socio-psychological aspects of behavior, and the Bradley curve model places special emphasis on changing employee behavior and responsibility for safety), and need to be adapted to take into account the dynamics of change, cultural context, and internal relationships in occupational safety management systems. It has been found that each model has its limitations, including problems with conceptual clarity, measurement complexity, potential oversimplification, and insufficient consideration of dynamics and cultural context. The feasibility of integrating the approaches of different models, taking into account the psychological, behavioral, organizational, and situational factors of safety culture, has been substantiated. Novelty. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that, for the first time, the comparative compliance of different safety culture models with the requirements of ISO 45001:2018 has been scientifically substantiated, and the key aspects of their integration to improve the effectiveness of occupational health and safety management systems have been identified. Similar features of safety culture models have been identified, including elements such as values, beliefs, behavior, leadership, communication, and training. Practical significance. The practical value of the results obtained lies in the possibility of their use by enterprises to improve the safety culture assessment system as an element of occupational safety management, taking into account the requirements of international standards and increasing the effectiveness of measures to promote safe behavior among employees.
Copyright (c) 2025 Current Issues of Occupational Safety, Civil and Technogenic Security
FORECASTING EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND EVENTS DURING MARTIAL LAW
Purpose. The processing of statistical data and forecasting the risks of military emergencies and their consequences (using the Poltava region as an example) to increase the efficiency of civil protection forces' preparation. Methodology. The study uses the mathematical apparatus of queuing systems, specifically the simplest Poisson process, to determine the probabilities of air raids, explosions, and human losses. The general risk assessment method - Event Tree Analysis (ETA) - based on inductive reasoning, was also applied to quantify possible scenarios. Results. Based on the analysis of statistics in the Poltava region for the period from September 2024 to July 2025, the intensity of key events was determined: air raids (3.49 per day), explosions (1.04), casualties (1.39), and fatalities (0.26). The probabilities of these events occurring within a single day were calculated: the probability of at least one air raid is 97%, an explosion - 65%, casualties - 75%, and fatalities - 23%. A graphical model (event tree) was constructed to identify emergency development scenarios from the initiating event (alarm) to the final consequences. Novelty. The novelty lies in applying mathematical methods of queuing theory to specific events of martial law (missile and drone strikes) to transition from simple danger notification to full-scale forecasting of emergency probabilities. For the first time, using a specific rear region as an example, the probabilistic characteristics of military risks have been quantitatively assessed. Practical Significance. The obtained predictive models allow authorities and risk management entities to make timely decisions regarding the preparation of civil protection forces, transferring educational institutions to online learning or remote work, and preparing medical facilities to receive casualties. The methodology can be scaled to other regions of Ukraine to create evidence-based response plans for wartime threats.
INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS DURING THE MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Purpose. Purpose. The purpose of this work is to substantiate a list of possible hazards for workers during the repair and maintenance of electrical installations and to justify measures to prevent them. Research methods. The methodology for analyzing hazards during the repair and maintenance of electrical installations is based on well-known risk analysis methods that are widely used in global practice when assessing hazards. The analysis of hazard factors involves studying the adverse effects of hazards on objects of influence and justifying management decisions to reduce the level of risk. Results. The study identified the main hazards associated with the repair and maintenance of electrical equipment, in particular those leading to high levels of electrical injuries (over 55% of all fatalities in the industry). It was established that the key sources of threats are the admission of untrained personnel, the unsatisfactory condition of outdated equipment, violations of technological discipline, and the lack of proper use of personal protective equipment. A hierarchical system of safety measures has been developed, covering the complete elimination of hazards through modernization (replacement of overhead networks with cable networks), the implementation of engineering and technical solutions (ventilation systems, locking, fencing), as well as organizational measures and the use of personal protective equipment. The need for a comprehensive approach to risk management that takes into account both regulatory requirements and specific working conditions at specific workplaces has been proven. Scientific novelty. It consists in systematizing and detailing specific threats in the work of an electrician repairing and maintaining electrical equipment. For the first time, attention is focused on the need to adapt hazard identification to martial law conditions, in particular due to the emergence of new risks associated with massive attacks on energy infrastructure and the elimination of atypical accidents. Practical significance. A list of input data and methods for obtaining it has been developed for the effective identification of hazard factors at electric power enterprises. Practical recommendations have been formulated for the selection and combination of technical and administrative protection measures that can be used by enterprise managers, occupational safety services, and specialists to reduce occupational injuries to an acceptable level. The results obtained can be integrated into hazard identification cards and staff training programs.
THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF THE POPULATION IN WAR CONDITIONS
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of information technologies on the mental health of the population in wartime, as well as to substantiate the role of the digital information environment as a risk factor and a factor supporting the psychosocial stability of the population during emergencies. Research methods. The study uses a set of general scientific and special methods that provide a systematic analysis of the impact of information technologies on the mental health of the population in wartime. Results. The study substantiates that digital verification tools can perform a preventive function in reducing psychosocial risks. At the same time, significant limitations in their use for a large part of the population with low levels of digital and media literacy have been identified, confirming the need to adapt such tools to the needs of a wide range of users. Conceptual approaches to the creation of accessible tools for rapid verification of information reliability are proposed, focusing on ease of use, visual clarity and minimisation of cognitive load. The feasibility of integrating such solutions into everyday digital environments (browsers, messengers) has been proven, which increases their effectiveness as elements of psychosocial protection. The prospects for the use of artificial intelligence technologies for automated content analysis and detection of disinformation have been identified. The use of AI helps to reduce information overload and anxiety. Scientific novelty. It consists in conducting research on the impact of information technologies on the mental health of the population in conditions of martial law. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in the development of state and regional programmes for psychosocial protection, mental health support, as well as educational initiatives in the field of media literacy and information security.
CIVIL PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRY 5.0: CHALLENGES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY (THE CASE OF MICROGRIDS)
Purpose. The purpose of the paper: to identify the main risk factors affecting the functioning of microgrids in order to reduce the level of civil danger at these enterprises within Ukraine and to suggest ways to minimize them. Research methods: literary analysis, theoretical study of available information, use of methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, systematization and generalization, methods of formal logic. Results. The paper notes the need to move away from fossil resources and transition countries to the use of renewable energy sources within the framework of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, accents the digital transformation of society and the transition to the concept of Industry 5.0. The features of the structure of microgrids as one of the key enterprises of renewable energy within the framework of ensuring sustainable development and Industry 5.0 are analyzed. Their composition and features of functioning are noted, including the use of artificial intelligence in the management of microgrids. The existing problems (technical, economic, legal, cyber threats) are highlighted, as well as the potential for implementation in the energy system of Ukraine. Scientific novelty. According to the results of the work, the main directions of gradation of microgrids were proposed and structured, the main risk factors in the operation of microgrids of various designs were noted and analyzed, the gradation of the main directions was outlined for the first time, in which an increase in the level of civil danger can be observed during the operation of microgrids within Ukraine, which is a scientific novelty of the study. Practical significance. Taking into account the identified risk factors, ways to minimize the level of civil danger are proposed, which is a practical result of this study. Timely implementation of the proposed measures when introducing microgrids into the energy system of Ukraine is expected to contribute to its further post-war restoration and sustainable development within Industry 5.0. The results obtained are of an applied nature and will be useful to a wide range of specialists in the field of civil protection, labor protection, energy and environmental protection in the development and implementation of microgrids in the energy sector of Ukraine.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF AIR MOVEMENT PARAMETERS IN GOAF AREAS
Purpose. Based on in-situ mine experimental observations, to reveal the regularities of air movement in the compacting rocks of the extraction section goaf. Research Method. In-situ instrumental measurements of air distribution in mine workings located within the goaf area near the longwall face. Results. The mining-geological and mining-technical conditions for maintaining ventilation workings in the deep mines of the Donbas are described. The indicators of air surveys in these mine workings are presented. An analysis of air leakages into the goaf of the extraction section is performed. Scientific novelty. Based on in-situ mine observations, it has been confirmed that the collapsed roof rocks are an impermeable environment for air moving due to the general mine pressure differential (depression). This applies equally to both compacted and non-compacted areas of the undermined massif at the level of the seam floor. From this, it can be concluded that the emergence of coal self-heating focal points is impossible there due to the lack of air exchange. The process of undermined massif subsidence over artificial structures leads to the formation of cavities ‑ air collectors. Therefore, there is a threat of self-heating of the coal left near such artificial structures. Practical Significance. The presented research results supplement modern concepts of air flow movement in the goaf of an extraction section and are of significant importance for ensuring the reliability and safety of mining operations at great depths, as well as for the prevention of endogenous fires.
tightness of the environment at the seam floor
USE OF DATA COLLECTION TERMINALS AS A TOOL FOR TRAINING AND TESTING KNOWLEDGE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY IN WAREHOUSE ENTERPRISES
Purpose of the article is to justify and analyze the possibilities of using data collection terminals as a tool for training and testing knowledge of occupational safety at warehousing enterprises in order to improve the effectiveness of learning occupational safety requirements, the efficiency of monitoring staff knowledge, and reducing production risks. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is a set of general scientific and special research methods. In the course of the study, the method of analysis and synthesis was used to process regulatory and legal acts, scientific publications, and methodological materials in the field of occupational safety, as well as to generalize approaches to training and testing the knowledge of personnel at warehouse logistics enterprises. A systematic approach was used to consider the occupational safety training system as a component of the overall occupational safety management system of an enterprise and to determine the place of data collection terminals in this system. The comparative analysis method made it possible to compare traditional forms of training and testing of knowledge in occupational safety with digital approaches based on the use of portable data collection terminals. Empirical methods were used to assess the applied effectiveness of the proposed approach, in particular, observation of production processes at a warehouse enterprise, analysis of the results of training and testing of personnel knowledge, as well as generalization of practical experience in the use of data collection terminals in the daily work of employees. Modeling was used to develop an algorithm for training and testing knowledge of occupational safety, taking into account a risk-oriented approach and the specifics of warehouse logistics. Results. The results of testing the proposed model at one of the logistics companies demonstrated its high efficiency in improving the level of occupational safety compliance and the speed of staff knowledge testing. The use of data collection terminals made it possible to integrate training and control functions directly into production processes, which helped to reduce the formal approach to training and increase employee responsibility for compliance with occupational safety requirements. Scientific novelty is to justify the use of data collection terminals as a tool for training and testing the occupational safety knowledge of warehouse personnel, as well as to develop an approach to their integration into the occupational safety management system, taking into account a risk-based approach. Practical significance.<span lang="UK" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: UK; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> The results of the study lie in the possibility of using the proposed approach to the application of data collection terminals in the system of training and testing knowledge of occupational safety. The introduction of such an approach allows the integration of training and control functions directly into production processes without distracting employees from performing their main operations. The results of the study can be used by occupational safety services, managers of logistics companies, and human resources specialists to improve the organization of occupational safety training, as well as for operational testing of employees' knowledge with the results recorded in digital format. The practical implementation of data collection terminals contributes to improving the level of compliance with occupational safety requirements, timely informing personnel about potential hazards, and reducing production risks in warehouse logistics.
training and testing of occupational safety knowledge
STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FIRE-EXTINGUISHING ACTION OF MEANS FOR PREVENTING THE SPREAD OF FIRES IN PEATLANDS
Purpose. In order to improve the effectiveness of preventing the spread of fires in peatlands, means based on highly porous mineral carriers, in particular expanded vermiculite immobilized with fire-extinguishing salts, were studied. Special attention was given to the analysis of the physico-chemical mechanism of their action, which includes a physical stage (release of the inhibitor from the pores of the carrier) and a chemical stage (interaction of the inhibitor with active combustion particles). Methodology. To determine the influence of the composition of the means on the mechanism of fire suppression, a topochemical analysis of the interaction of the inhibitor with radicals was carried out, and the dependence of the completeness of its release from the pores of the carrier on the grade of expanded vermiculite and the type of fire-extinguishing salt (ammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate) was studied under temperatures characteristic of peat combustion conditions. Results. It was established that explanations of the mechanism of deactivation of active combustion particles through their adsorption on the surface of the inhibitor or homolytic decomposition of molecules are insufficiently substantiated. The most convincing hypothesis is the interaction of active particles with whole inhibitor molecules, resulting in the formation of a complex that delocalizes the free valence and significantly reduces the activity of radicals. It was proven that the completeness of inhibitor release hardly depends on the grade of expanded vermiculite; however, diammonium phosphate showed better results. Scientific novelty. The understanding of the physico-chemical mechanism of action of fire-extinguishing means based on highly porous mineral carriers has been improved. The delocalization mechanism of reducing the activity of free radicals during combustion was substantiated, which provides a more precise explanation of the inhibiting effect. Practical value. The research results confirm the effectiveness of using diammonium phosphate as a combustion inhibitor and outline promising directions for further studies, particularly the search for more suitable highly porous carriers to reduce the induction period of the agent’s action.
DESIGN AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF AN AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR CALCULATING FIRE SUPPRESSION COSTS
Objective. The aim of the study was to justify the operating principle of an automated system, create its logical structure, define input and output parameters, and develop a cost calculation algorithm. The study analyzes the current regulatory framework, identifies the shortcomings of manual calculation methods including time delays and the risk of errors and demonstrates the feasibility of automation. The proposed system includes modules for tracking events, equipment, personnel, and consumables, and enables the creation of an electronic fire incident card and automatic generation of financial reports. Methodology. The research applies an interdisciplinary approach using methods of conceptual modeling, algorithm development, efficiency analysis, and information integration (via API with systems such as the Civil Protection Emergency Management System). A comparative evaluation of manual and automated cost calculation methods was conducted based on criteria such as accuracy, speed, integration compatibility, transparency, and resource consumption. Results. The paper presents the concept and operating principles of an automated system for calculating fire suppression costs in the units of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine. The system is developed based on the provisions of the Methodology for Calculating Fire Suppression Costs, approved by Order No. 55 of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine dated January 31, 2024. It is part of a broader project aimed at the digital transformation of fire safety management processes. Scientific Novelty. For the first time, the operating principle of an automated system for calculating fire suppression costs has been substantiated, developed in accordance with the Methodology approved by Order No. 55 of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine dated January 31, 2024. The system structure has been developed to account for events, equipment, personnel, logistics parameters, and integration with normatively defined cost items. The formation of a unified digital environment for effective fire safety management has been further advanced. Practical Value. The research results demonstrate the high potential for implementing the developed system in the practice of civil protection authorities. It enhances management efficiency, reduces staff workload, ensures compliance with regulations, and contributes to the formation of a unified information space in the field of civil safety.
ANALYSIS AND NORMALIZATION OF PARAMETERS OF AIR IONIZATION, LOW-FREQUENCY SOUND AND ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IN ROOMS WITH A LARGE NUMBER OF COMPUTERS AND EQUIPMENT
Purpose. To carry out a comprehensive study of the dynamics and normalization of quantitative characteristics of harmful physical factors that are not perceived directly by the senses of users, in rooms and workplaces with a large number of computers and office equipment. This will allow developing measures to ensure regulatory working conditions for users of personal computer equipment. Methods. Measurements of the concentration of positive and negative air ions, levels of low-frequency sound and infrasound, as well as the intensity of the electric and magnetic induction components of electromagnetic fields in rooms with a large number of computer equipment. Determination of the dynamics of the values ​​of physical factors of the environment in space and time, analysis of the negative impact of computer equipment and auxiliary devices to determine the conditions and means of their normalization. Results. An assessment of ion generation by various models of copying equipment and modernized laser printers was carried out. It has been established that the concentration of ions formed can reach 1500 cm⁻³ for laser printers and 2800 cm⁻³ for inkjet printers. It was determined that at a distance of 1.0–1.5 m the concentration of air ions returns to the background level. It is shown that the operation of one system unit is the main above-normal factor during the operation of portable computers, since its electric fields with a strength of up to 9 kV/m lead to a decrease in the concentration of light air ions in the user's area (positive ions by approximately 100 cm⁻³, and negative ions by 200 cm⁻³). It was found that the difference between the sound levels registered on the “Lin” and “A” scales is up to 24 dB. This indicates a significant impact of infrasound on the body of users. It was found that modern monitors do not create electromagnetic fields, the intensity of which would exceed hygienically permissible limits. At the same time, system units generate electric fields of 18–22 V/m and magnetic fields of 220–245 nT, which border on the maximum permissible levels. It was found that uninterruptible power supplies and fluorescent lamps create magnetic fields of increased intensity - up to 2250 nT and 2300 nT, respectively. The spectral composition and amplitude of magnetic fields of external power supplies of laptops were studied. Novelty. The features of the dynamics of the aeroionic composition of air in rooms with a large number of computer equipment, the amplitude-frequency characteristics of low-frequency sound and infrasound, and the features of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of electromagnetic fields were determined, which allowed us to provide recommendations for their normalization and maintenance within the regulatory parameters. Practical significance. To normalize the concentration of air ions in workplaces, it is necessary to introduce artificial air ionization systems. To reduce the significant impact of infrasound and low-frequency sound on the user's body, it is recommended to use membrane sound-absorbing screens tuned to their resonant frequencies. justifies the need to introduce systems for reducing the intensity of electrostatic fields in workplaces. To protect against the effects of electromagnetic fields of the wide frequency range, the use of developed and patented materials is recommended.
Purpose of this article is to determine the role of incidents in the occupational health and safety management system (hereinafter referred to as OHSMS) of an enterprise as a tool for preventing occupational injuries and accidents, managing occupational risks, improving the occupational health and safety management system, forming a positive culture of safety and health for employees at work, as well as justifying the application of international standards and approaches to investigating incidents in order to find effective solutions and methods for preventing them. Methodology. The author proposes a methodology that focuses not on the fact of the event, but on the potential harm of the incident, even if there are no consequences. The incident is considered a risk signal, not an event that has already caused harm. The main stages of the methodology include: - identification of incidents, including near misses, dangerous behavior, and procedural non-compliance; - assessment of the potential severity of consequences that could have occurred in the worst-case scenario; - analysis of root causes (organizational, technical, behavioral, managerial, psychophysiological, man-made, natural, environmental, social, and others); - connection with the occupational risk register (adjustment with risk assessment and management); - development of systemic preventive and protective measures; - feedback and staff training. This will allow incidents to be linked to risk management and occupational safety culture at the enterprise in accordance with the requirements of the national standard DSTU ISO 45001:2019 "Occupational health and safety management systems. Requirements and guidelines for use" (hereinafter referred to as the Standard) as a necessary tool for ensuring the effectiveness of the OHSMS. It can also be easily adapted to any sector of the economy in various hazardous industries. Results. The results of implementing proactive incident investigation methods in the enterprise's OHSMS will ensure early detection of hazards and potential accident scenarios. Identification of incidents, including near misses, allows for the detection of unknown (hidden) hazards and potentially hazardous working conditions at an early stage, before occupational injuries or accidents occur. It will improve the effectiveness of occupational risk and opportunity management. The results of incident investigations are integrated into the enterprise's occupational risk register, which makes it possible to update risk assessments and corrective actions based on identified OHSMS non-conformities and helps to justify management decisions when responding to potentially dangerous situations and accidents. Reduce the level of industrial injuries and accidents. Eliminating the root or systemic causes of incidents helps prevent the recurrence of dangerous or potentially dangerous situations, which in the medium and long term leads to a reduction in the frequency of accidents and incidents. Improve and enhance the OHSMS. Ensures the identification of non-conformities in planning, control, and analysis procedures. Implements the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle of continuous improvement. Creates a positive culture of safety and health at work. Introduces a policy of non-retaliation, non-punishment, and non-application of administrative measures against employees who have identified and reported non-conformities (opportunities), incidents, accidents, and/or emergencies that have occurred at the enterprise. This will contribute to increased employee engagement, increased trust in the OHSMS, and the development of a responsible attitude towards occupational safety. It will increase compliance with international standards. The results of the methodology will ensure the practical implementation of the Standard's requirements in terms of risk management, analysis of hazardous events, corrective and preventive actions, and continuous improvement of the OHSMS. It provides arguments for management decision-making. Provides an information base for senior management to make management decisions, plan occupational safety measures, conduct OHSMS audits, and perform management reviews. Scientific novelty it consists in developing a proactive methodology for investigating occupational safety incidents, where an incident is considered not only as an event that has occurred, but as an indicator of potential harm, regardless of the presence of injuries or material damage. It allows assessing the danger of an incident based on the principle of “What could have happened?” rather than “What happened?”, which is a transition to proactive management methods in the OHSMS. Practical significance lies in the possibility of directly using the proactive incident investigation methodology in the activities of enterprises in various sectors of the economy in order to improve the level of occupational safety and health and improve the OSHMS. The implementation of a unified approach to responding to incidents and improving the effectiveness of occupational risk management creates a unified classifier of hazards, dangerous events, and incidents, reduces the level of occupational injuries and losses, increases the level of employee responsibility, ensures compliance with international standards during certification, and is used during training and management decision-making.
occupational health and safety management system
RESEARCH ON THE MOVEMENT SPEED OF LOW-MOBILITY POPULATION GROUPS IN CIVIL PROTECTION SHELTERS
Purpose. To accurately assess the entry and exit time of civil protection shelters, it was considered that the existing facilities were not adapted to the needs of persons with disabilities and other low-mobility population groups. A series of computer simulations were conducted to model descent and ascent under various conditions and group compositions. The simulations utilized a complex architectural layout to account for all distinctive features of human movement within a crowd. Methods. The individual-flow movement calculation method was selected to estimate the descent and exit times. This method, in contrast to simplified analytical models, incorporates the heterogeneity of the human flow, considering varying mobility capacities and the projected human body area. Results. Baseline computational experiments were performed to obtain reference values. The geometric parameters and boundary conditions of the evacuation routes were set in accordance with regulatory requirements. Novelty. Simulations of descent and ascent under maximum permissible deviations from evacuation route design standards indicated that the movement time of low-mobility population groups increased by 15 and 22 seconds, respectively, compared to the baseline experiment. Furthermore, the introduction of smart assistive devices resulted in an almost twofold increase in movement time. These findings demonstrate that while smart assistive devices and additional equipment improve comfort and accessibility for low-mobility population groups, they considerably prolong the descent and ascent duration. Practical significance. The study underscores the necessity of integrating adaptive design principles in civil protection shelters to balance accessibility with evacuation efficiency for vulnerable population groups.
GENERAL BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS ON CIVIL PROTECTION AND OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY IN UKRAINE
Purpose. Is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications on civil protection and occupational safety in Ukraine to assess the overall state of the issue and identify development trends. Methodology. The research tool used is the specialized software VOSviewer, applying keyword searches in the scientometric database Scopus. Results. The results of the first stage of the study revealed the dynamics of changes in the number of publications from 1952 to 2025, the main countries of the authors addressing the mentioned issue, the authors with the highest number of publications, and the institutions with the highest publication rates. In the second stage, the relationships between the co-occurrence of keywords, their temporal frequency, and the density of occurrences were visualized. Furthermore, the distribution of co-authors by country was analyzed, and the main trends in the development of the research area were identified. Novelty. Lies in the fact that this is the first general bibliometric analysis of scientific publications in the field of civil protection and occupational safety using VOSviewer, with the identification of four clusters based on the co-occurrence of keywords and four clusters based on the countries of the authors. The further development of the issue in the field of civil protection and occupational safety is shown, including a shift from research on radiation effects related to the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster, and an intensification of studies on humanitarian crises, pandemics, refugees, mental and physical health, the consequences of war, sustainable development, and stronger collaboration with European scientists. Practical significance. Lies in providing a comprehensive assessment of the state of the issue in the analyzed scientific publications and in the reasoned identification of directions for future research. In turn, the information gathered will allow specialists to make well-informed decisions and effectively allocate resources when conducting research in the field of occupational safety and civil protection.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHOD FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF PERFORMING EMERGENCY AND RESCUE WORK IN CONDITIONS OF POSSIBLE COMBAT INJURY
Purpose. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for increasing the efficiency of emergency rescue operations by rescuers in conditions of possible combat damage. Methods. Is to assess the quality indicators of the functioning of the system “rescuer - means of protection and provision of emergency rescue operations - emergency situation with the possibility of combat damage” with a given level of significance based on the results of physical modeling of emergency rescue operations in conditions of possible combat damage by the enemy with further substantiation of operational and technical recommendations to rescuers. Results. Consists in developing and testing operational and technical recommendations in accordance with the laws of reducing the time of operational activities of rescuers, which are obtained based on the results of physical modeling of emergency rescue operations, and involves the sequential implementation of five procedures, namely: – determination of limitations that are characteristic of emergency rescue operations in conditions of possible combat damage; – assessment of the quality indicators of the functioning of the system “rescuer – means of protection and provision of emergency rescue operations – emergency situation with the possibility of combat damage” based on the results of physical modeling of personnel actions; – obtaining functional dependencies of the quality indicators of emergency rescue operations in conditions of possible combat damage from the factors selected for analysis; – justification of operational and technical recommendations; – selection of recommendations for implementation in regulatory documents based on the results of statistical assessments of how significant the effectiveness of their implementation is. Novelty. The first time (scientific novelty) a methodology has been developed to increase the efficiency of emergency rescue operations by rescuers in conditions of possible combat damage, which is based on a mathematical model of increasing the efficiency of emergency rescue operations in conditions of possible combat damage. Practical significance. Development of practical recommendations, for example, on improving the effectiveness of rescuer training.
RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TRAINING THE CIVILIAN POPULATION IN FIRST AID SKILLS
The purpose of the work is to assess the knowledge and skills of providing first aid to individuals without medical education, to determine the level of readiness to provide assistance based on the results of the training. Methodology. In order to assess the effectiveness of the training, 81 training sessions on the basics of first aid were conducted using computerized mannequins, simulators and training equipment. The effectiveness of training in the basics of first aid was determined using a modified checklist from the AHA recommendations and from the ERC recommendations, which includes the following parameters: safety check, shoulder movements, call for help, head turn, airway control, breathing control. The quality of the acquired knowledge and the effectiveness of practical skills were measured using open-ended and multiple-choice questions regarding clinical scenarios. Readiness, self-confidence and changes in self-efficacy were measured using a five-point Likert scale. The main psychological factors that form the indecision and reluctance of civilians to provide first aid to the victim were systematized. Results. The study showed that training in the basics of first aid significantly increased the level of knowledge of non-medical personnel immediately after training and showed interest in improving the acquired skills. The main problems in conducting theoretical and practical training, selecting forms and methods for the purpose of effective training in first aid skills were identified: the use of role-playing games, situational tasks, video fragments with error detection. Analysis of the most common errors will allow to increase the effectiveness of first aid and the quality of training in this area. Scientific novelty. The conducted training in the basics of first aid and the assessment of its effectiveness allows to form a training program for training in the basics of first aid, taking into account the needs of the age categories of the civilian population. Practical significance. The results obtained can be used by teachers and trainers of first aid in order to reduce the number of errors made during practical exercises, improve the quality and efficiency of training of the civilian population and increase the level of readiness to save the victim.
FEATURES OF INJURIES AMONG PERSONNEL OF RESCUE UNITS OF THE STATE EMERGENCY SERVICE OF UKRAINE IN WAR CONDITIONS
Purpose. Determination of the main measures to reduce injuries to personnel of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine based on the analysis of statistical data and the causes of accidents involving personnel of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine units. Methodology. A comprehensive research method was used, which includes an analysis of literary sources, an analysis of occupational injuries in the units of the State Emergency Service. Results. An analysis of injuries in the units of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine for 2023 was conducted. Compared to similar indicators in 2022, it was found that the number of accidents in 2023 decreased by 7%, and the number of victims of accidents by 9%, the number of people who died while performing their official duties decreased by 35%. The distribution of the number of injured and deceased persons while performing assigned tasks in the units of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine by type of work was analyzed. It was found that the largest number of victims were injured during firefighting and emergency rescue operations. The most common causes of accidents in 2023 were armed aggression by the russian federation, personal carelessness, and the unsatisfactory condition of the production environment, buildings, and structures in the territory. The peculiarities of injuries to personnel of the State Emergency Service units during the dismantling of rubble from building structures as a result of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine were analyzed, and the proposed measures to reduce the level of occupational injuries among personnel were also considered. Scientific novelty of the results obtained lies in the fact that the study of the characteristics of personnel injuries during the performance of assigned tasks and the study of the causes of accidents, including under martial law, have been further developed. Practical significance consists in the possibility of using the obtained results of personnel injury analysis for planning measures to reduce injury.
personnel of the State Emergency Service
RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF FIELD RUNOFF ON THE OCCURRENCE OF THE EUTROPHICATION PROCESS OF WATER INTAKES
Purpose. The goal of this study is to reveal the mechanism of the impact of changes in the nutrient content of the chemical composition of aquatic habitats on the life activity of cyanobacteria, particularly their development and reproduction in the presence of mineral fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Research Pethodology. Experimental methods were used to conduct the research, including laboratory microscopic studies and testing the impact of concentrations of key biogenic elements on the cyanobacteria population in aquatic environments. Observations of the color of solutions and the presence of sediment allowed the determination of the effect of mineral fertilizers on the processes of eutrophication and biological development of aquatic ecosystems. Results. The article discusses the problem of protecting water intakes from eutrophication caused by runoff of mineral fertilizers from fields. It reveals the mechanism of the impact of nutrient changes in the chemical composition of aquatic habitats on the life activity of cyanobacteria. The research found that the dissolution of complex mineral fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) in water at concentrations up to 10 g/L promotes the active development of cyanobacteria, accompanied by the complete binding of mineral additives and intense oxygen consumption. Adding fertilizers in quantities greater than 1 g/L leads to a sharp increase in the growth rate of the cyanobacteria population, triggering conditions for water bloom. Enrichment of the habitat’s food base with fertilizers results in explosive growth of the biocenosis and accelerated consumption of dissolved substances. The average phosphorus absorption rate reached more than 17 g/(Lday), and nitrogen absorption reached 30 g/(Lday). The formation of sediment and foam in experimental vessels was associated with the depletion of nutrients and the death of hydrobionts. This phenomenon may serve as an indicator of reduced oxygen levels in the water. The results of the experiment confirmed the ability of cyanobacteria to intensively convert dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus in water into bound organic forms. This opens up prospects for creating biological methods and means of protecting water intakes from the creation of hazardous environments. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the interaction mechanism between mineral fertilizers and the processes of cyanobacteria development in aquatic habitats has been analyzed. The obtained data on critical concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus that contribute to the intense development of cyanobacteria and eutrophication of water sources are important for water resource protection. It was also found for the first time that the addition of fertilizers at concentrations greater than 1 g/L leads to a significant increase in the growth rate of the cyanobacteria population, which can result in water blooming and deterioration of water quality at water intakes. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used to develop new biological methods and technologies for protecting water intakes from eutrophication processes caused by excessive use of mineral fertilizers in agriculture. The obtained data also allow for more accurate forecasting and control of the impact of anthropogenic load on aquatic ecosystems, which is important for improving water quality, particularly in water supply systems. Developing such methods may be an important step in addressing water supply issues and water resource protection in regions with intensive agricultural production.
STUDY OF THERMOCATALYTIC COMBUSTIBLE GAS SENSORS UNDER WATER INGRESS INTO THEIR GAS DIFFUSION FILTERS
Purpose. To investigate the impact of accidental water ingress into the metal-ceramic gas diffusion filters of thermocatalytic sensors on the performance of explosion hazard monitoring devices. Methods. The study employs experimental research methods under laboratory conditions using serial thermocatalytic pellistor-type sensors with a non-selective platinum-palladium catalyst. The results are assessed and generalized. Results. The conducted research allowed us to evaluate the effect of water ingress into thermocatalytic sensors with metal-ceramic filter elements on the performance of explosion hazard monitoring devices. It was found that even after multiple instances of water ingress using distilled water, the characteristics of the thermocatalytic sensors remained unchanged after the filter elements dried. When exposed to purified mineralized water, repeated water ingress led to zero drift in gas analyzers and, in some cases, a slight decrease in sensitivity. In contrast, exposure to unpurified mineralized water resulted in zero drift across all analyzers and a reduction in sensitivity. Novelty. It was established that repeated water ingress into the metal-ceramic gas diffusion filters of thermocatalytic sensors using unpurified highly mineralized water leads to zero drift of gas analyzers toward positive values and a reduction in sensitivity. This effect is attributed to the accumulation of salt deposits on the inner surface of the filters and an increase in the gas diffusion resistance of the filter. Practical significance. The findings establish conditions under which it is necessary to check and calibrate explosion hazard monitoring devices based on the thermocatalytic method when operating in coal mines and early hazard detection systems at oil and gas facilities.
PRINCIPLES OF APPLICATION OF ULTRATHIN COATINGS FOR SHIELDING ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF MAN-MADE ORIGIN
Purpose. To develop the principles of using ultrathin metallized coatings for shielding electromagnetic radiation of technogenic origin. Methods. Theoretical justification of obtaining ultrathin metal coatings for optimal shielding of electromagnetic fields of ultrahigh and higher frequencies. Empirical confirmation that sputtering a thin metal layer on glass provides protection from the effects of electromagnetic radiation and does not significantly reduce the penetration of daylight. Results. It was established that the reflection coefficient for coatings up to 10 nm thick can provide reflection coefficients of electromagnetic waves up to 25 dB. Calculation relations are provided for determining the conductivity of a metal film, which is significantly different from the bulk conductivity and determines the value of the shielding coefficient. The dependences of the reflection coefficients of sputtering in common metals on the film thickness are provided. The effect of achieving a maximum reflection coefficient at a certain film thickness is established. It is calculated to show what happens when the film thickness is equal to the skin layer thickness for a given radiation frequency. This makes it possible to optimize the thickness of the metal coating both from the point of view of electromagnetic safety and based on lighting needs. Novelty. Based on calculations, it was established that a stable value of the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic waves is achieved at a certain frequency of the electromagnetic field, provided that the film thickness reaches the thickness of the skin layer in the metal. Practical significance. It was established that in the ultrahigh and ultrahigh frequency ranges, the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic waves for a fixed film thickness practically does not depend on the radiation frequency. To increase the shielding efficiency of glass with metal coating, it is desirable to ground the metallized layer.
ASSESSMENT OF THE RESCUE AND SELF-RESCUE SYSTEM FOR UNDERGROUND WORKERS
Purpose. The study includes an analysis of the length of mine workings and an assessment of the time required for the safe evacuation of miners, as well as the ventilation scheme of the mining section. Additionally, the calculation of the protective operational duration of self-rescuers is conducted to determine whether there is sufficient time to exit the potential hazard zone. Methodology. The methodology involves analyzing the length of mine workings, assessing the time required for the safe evacuation of miners, and evaluating the ventilation scheme of the mining section. A calculation of the protective operational duration of self-rescuers is also performed to determine whether the available time is sufficient for escaping the potential hazard zone. Results. Ensuring worker safety in the mining industry is currently one of the top priorities that requires attention at all levels. One of the key factors affecting miner safety is their ability to evacuate in the event of an emergency. Novelty. There is a high risk that workers may be unable to leave the hazardous area due to the absence of strategies and procedures to ensure their safety in such situations. This issue demands special attention from designers and mining professionals to minimize risks and guarantee the safety of individuals working in these conditions. This approach clearly conveys the seriousness of the problem and the need for a more in-depth analysis that considers all potential risks in mine design. Practical significance. When designing mining sections, mining enterprises must take into account the possibility of conducting rescue operations, including self-rescue and miner evacuation in emergency situations. This is crucial because, in complex mining and geological conditions, rescue teams may be unable to reach the accident site in a timely manner.
mining industry, potentially hazardous areas, emergency rescue operations, self-rescue system, accident