Naukovi notatky

EFFICIENCY OF FACE FINISHING MILLING OF CAST IRON WITH VERMICULAR GRAPHITE BY TOOLS MADE OF CUBIC BORON NITRIDE AND NITRIDE CERAMICS

2025-07-08T19:43:35+00:00

The article presents the summary results of experimental studies of the influence of cutting modes and type of tool material
on tool wear, surface quality parameters, and microstructure of the machined layer of cast iron with vermicular graphite of
CGI450 grade during face finishing milling. The Box-Behnken method was used to plan the experiment and a multiple criteria
approach was applied. This made it possible to investigate the mutual influence of the main machining parameters - cutting
speed, feed per tooth and depth of cut - on the key performance criteria of the finishing face milling process.These include: tool
wear (VB), machined surface roughness (Ra), milling process productivity (MRR).
During the study, tools made of cubic boron nitride (CBN) and nitride ceramics (NC) were compared. It turned out that
BNB provides the formation of a hardened surface layer with high residual compressive stresses (up to -166.42 MPa), a crushed
matrix structure, and increased microdeformations. This indicates intensive surface hardening. The surface roughness is 0.16
< Ra ≤ 0.63 μm. Tools made of NK demonstrate slightly higher wear resistance and machining stability at high cutting speeds.
However, they have less pronounced structural strengthening and are characterized by slightly worse Ra parameters.
In addition, an economic assessment was made, which took into account the cost of the tool and the cost of machining
one kilometer of cutting path. As a result, it was found that in the finishing modes of HSS milling (cutting speed 400-800 m/min,
feed rate 0.1-0.15 mm/tooth, cutting depth 0.08-0.15 mm), the use of round-shaped cutting inserts made of nitride ceramics is
much more cost-effective than CBN inserts. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, recommendations for the choice of
tool material depending on the production priority were formulated: CBN - to achieve maximum surface quality and increased
wear resistance of the surface layer; Nitride ceramics - to ensure cost-effectiveness and process stability during serial
processing. The data presented here can be used to optimize the milling process of cast irons with vermicular graphite in critical
machine-building production.

EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE USEFUL RESISTANCE FORCE IN MATERIAL MOVEMENT ON A SEWING MACHINE

2025-07-08T19:43:44+00:00

The article identifies the maximum value of useful resistance force that arises during material transport in a sewing
machine. This value is a key parameter in designing transport mechanisms. Experimental research confirmed that the useful
resistance force significantly impacts the quality of the seam, and its consideration is essential for optimizing the sewing process.
The resistance force is caused by various factors that are difficult to determine analytically, including the mass of material
before the sewing zone, friction between the material and the worktable surface, as well as the human factor. Additionally,
certain technological operations require extra tension of the material layers in the feed zone. Information on the quantitative
values of resistance force and their impact on seam quality is absent in the literature. The aim of the study is to determine the
effect of resistance force on seam quality. The results showed that with resistance force values up to 5 N and certain levels of
presser foot pressure, seam quality remains stable, with stitch length variation not exceeding 10%. This value can be adopted
when determining parameters for new fabric transport devices.

APPLICATION OF MODERNIZED TECHNOLOGY OF ROUGH PROCESSING OF DETAILS AT HIGH-SPEED TRAJECTORIES

2025-07-08T19:43:33+00:00

The article presents the results of a study of the application of modernized technology of rough processing of parts using
high-speed tool trajectories. The impact of optimized machining strategies on productivity, quality of machined surface and tool
wear is considered.The advantages and limitations of using this approach to increase the efficiency of production processes are
analyzed.

CONTROL OF FORMING PARAMETERS IN DEFORMATION BROACHING WITH THROUGH PLASTIC DEFORMATION

2025-07-08T19:43:42+00:00

The article presents an in-depth literature review and examines the possibility of controlling forming parameters in the
process of deforming broaching of workpieces made of ductile materials. Currently, this process is in demand, as it can be used
not only for manufacturing new parts but also for restoring worn ones, offering several significant advantages over other
restoration methods.Given the increasing requirements for product accuracy and quality, it is relevant to search for
technological solutions that ensure controlled plastic deformation in worn areas of parts with an allowance for subsequent
machining. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of controlling the forming parameters during through
deforming broaching of ductile material parts, and to obtain dimensions with a machining allowance by selecting the geometry
of the deforming tool and processing parameters.The literature analysis revealed that, in addition to the commonly observed
deformations such as wall thinning, outer diameter expansion, and part shortening after processing, there are cases where the
part elongates. This effect can potentially be used to compensate for end-face wear in axisymmetric parts. To confirm this
phenomenon, numerical modeling of the process was conducted using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The simulation
results showed that the deformation direction can indeed be influenced by the geometric parameters of the deforming element
and the broaching conditions.The conclusions provide recommendations for selecting parameters that can be used in the design
of processing technologies with controlled final dimensions, and directions for further research are outlined.

ANALYSIS OF RESOURCE CHARACTERISTICS OF USED HYDROABRASIVE MACHINES

2025-07-08T19:43:41+00:00

The article analyzes the resource features of hydroabrasive machines, which are widely used in modern industry for
processing various materials. The key factors affecting the service life of the main components of the equipment, such as water
pressure, consumption of abrasive material, quality of water and abrasive, as well as the intensity of operation, are considered.
The main nodes subject to the greatest wear and tear are identified, and ways to optimize their resource to increase the efficiency
and economy of the technological process are proposed. This extended abstract is devoted to an in-depth analysis of the resource
characteristics of water-abrasive machines, which are becoming more and more common in various industries due to their
versatility and ability to process a wide range of materials. The study covers key aspects related to resource efficiency, operating
cost optimization and environmental impact.

KINETICS OF ANNEALING OF RADIATION DEFECTS IN ELECTRON-IRRADIATED n-Ge

2025-07-08T19:43:31+00:00

The kinetic equations for describing the isothermal annealing of germanium single crystals, doped by the antimony
impurity with the concentration of Nd=5·1014 cm-3, irradiated by the electrons with the energy of 10 MeV and a flow of
Ω=5·1015 el/cm2, were obtained. The annealing activation energy for complexes and disordered regions based on the
experimental results of the temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient and the calculated concentration values of the
VOіI2Ge complexes, created during irradiation and annealing in germanium single crystals, was determined. The results show
that the cores of the disordered regions are less thermally stable than the VOіI2Ge complexes.

DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING THE DESIGNS OF PLANER MACHINES

2025-07-08T19:43:30+00:00

The analysis of research directions on orthogonal circular sawmills is provided. The impact on cutting precision by a
horizontal saw is considered: log base system, saw attachment method, and cutting process specifics. The need for thorough
scientific research on the influence of these factors on cutting precision is established.

RESEARCH OF THE PROPERTIES OF THE AROMATIC POLYAMIDE PHENYLON C-2

2025-07-08T19:43:29+00:00

The main thermophysical, physical-mechanical and tribological properties of the aromatic polyamide phenylone C-2
have been studied. It has been established that the polymer has high values of thermal conductivity coefficient and strength
characteristics, excellent wear resistance, low friction coefficient and performance criterion PV up to 1.6 MPa · m/s while
working in frictional conditions without lubrication. The results of the study allow us to recommend phenylone C-2 for use as
a polymer binder for the purpose of creating new polymer composites for structural purposes.

DEVELOPMENT OF REGRESSION MODELS FOR CALCULATING EFFECTIVE CUTTING MODES OF 12 MM STAINLESS STEEL BY HIGH-POWER FIBER OPTIC LASER RADIATION

2025-07-08T19:43:27+00:00

The paper presents the results of experimental and theoretical studies of the patterns of influence of the pressure of the
assist gas (nitrogen), the focus position relative to the surface of the part, and the cutting speed on the roughness parameters of
the obtained surfaces when cutting 12 mm stainless steel AISI 304 using a 12 kW fiber laser. Based on the results of a systematic
complex of experimental studies using the Statistica package, regression models of the process were obtained, their accuracy
and adequacy were substantiated. Experimental verification confirmed the effectiveness of using the most accurate regression
model to determine the parameters of the modes that ensure high quality and productivity of cutting.

SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF IMPLEMENTING DISTANCE LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES IN TECHNICAL DISCIPLINES

2025-07-08T19:43:25+00:00

The article is devoted to the development of scientific and methodological foundations of distance learning
technologies in technical disciplines and the creation of an effective process of forming an informational resource during
training monitoring. There is a list of tasks that need to be solved to form an informational resource for distant learning process
management systems presented. As well as functional modules of distance testing technology are proposed. These modules
implement a system of procedures for generating new information that enables training and knowledge control. But at the same
time it gives an opportunity to receive success reports at various stages of control for a higher educational applicant, teacher or
any structural unit of educational institution. The results of knowledge tests of higher educational students allow for effective
adjustment of the focus, intensity and methods of learning.

UNILATERAL CONTACT OF AN ORTHOTROPIC PLATE WITH A CIRCULAR HOLE AND AN ELASTIC DISK

2025-07-08T19:43:24+00:00

The reliability of machine parts and structural elements designed in the form of piecewise homogeneous plates is one
of the important problems of engineering mechanics. Their functionality and durability largely depend on the presence of
defects such as cuts or cracks on the material boundary line, which can occur at the manufacturing stage and significantly
reduce the permissible external load on the part during operation.
A solution to the problem is proposed for an infinite orthotropic plate with a circular hole and an elastic isotropic disk,
which are welded together on one part of the common contour, and on the rest of the contour there is a symmetrical circular
cut between them. The plate structure is in conditions of a uniform generalized plane stress state at infinity. Under the action
of uniformly distributed forces directed along the coordinate axes, the edges of the cut of the plate structure are in contact
partially or along the entire length. Friction forces in the contact zone of the plate and disk are absent. The solution to this
problem involves determining the components of the stress state at the interface between the materials of an orthotropic plate
and an elastic disk, and establishing the dimensions and position of the boundary contact zone.
The boundary conditions of the problem in the smooth contact area are chosen as the equality of the normal
displacements of the contour points of the plate and the disk, and in the joint area as the equality of their displacements. The
dependencies between the components of the displacement vector of the contour points of the orthotropic plate and the elastic
disk and the contact stresses are written as integral relations with logarithmic kernels. By substituting these expressions into
the boundary conditions of the problem, a system of four singular integral equations is constructed to determine the functions
through which the contact forces in the contact and joint areas are expressed. In addition to the obtained system of equations,
the conditions of force equilibrium of the disk must be fulfilled. The approximate solution of the problem is implemented by the
method of mechanical quadratures and collocation. The size and position of the contact zone are determined by the method of
dichotomy.
For a piecewise-homogeneous orthotropic plate with a symmetric circular section, the edges of which are in contact
partially or along the entire length, the influence of the material orthotropy on the distribution of contact and annular stresses
is investigated. The value of the limiting angle of the section zone for which the complete contact is broken at its end points is
established. The results of numerical calculations are shown in two figures and a table.

PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF ASYMMETRIC ORGANIC CATALYSTS TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF WOOD CUTTING BY BAND SAWS

2025-07-08T19:43:23+00:00

Based on the analysis of chemical phenomena and transformations during the preparation and operation of band saws
and the probable influence of an asymmetric organic catalyst on them, the possibility of using the TREVITAN®-composition
modifier during welding and sharpening of band saws and during sawing wood with them has been predicted and partially
confirmed. This will make it possible to increase the service life of the saws, the quality of sawing and the performance of band
saw machines.

MODEL-BASED DESIGN AND CROSS-PLATFORM DEPLOYMENT OF WIND POWER PLANT CONTROLLERS

2025-07-20T20:06:28+00:00

This paper presents a model-based development approach for wind power plant (WPP) control systems, emphasizing
the adaptation of control algorithms to meet specific technical and regulatory requirements, including grid codes. The WPP
controller is implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, enabling automatic code generation in C/C++ and Structured
Text for deployment on embedded platforms and programmable logic controllers (PLCs). To ensure interoperability with
industry-standard simulation tools such as DIgSILENT PowerFactory and PSCAD, the approach includes generating dynamic
link libraries (DLLs) conforming to the interface specification defined in IEC 61400-27-2:2020 (Annex G). The paper details
the verification process by comparing the DLL-based implementation against the original Simulink model and demonstrates
successful integration within external simulation environments. The proposed methodology accelerates the development, testing,
and certification of WPP controllers. Future work includes extending the framework to support integration with aeroelastic
models and digital twin platforms.

CAD IN THE DESIGN OF SMART ELECTRONIC DEVICES: ANALYSIS OF APPROACHES AND AN EXAMPLE OF AN IOT THERMOMETER

2025-07-20T20:12:01+00:00

This paper explores the application of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) systems in the development of smart electronic
devices integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. It provides an overview of modern software tools used for PCB
design, microcontroller selection, and wireless communication setup. A particular focus is given to a practical example—the
creation of a smart thermometer based on ESP32 and DS18B20 sensors. This case study demonstrates how automated design
approaches enhance efficiency in IoT device development, optimizing hardware and software integration for real-world
applications.

RESEARCH ON THE EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS OF GENETIC STRATEGIES UNDER CONDITIONS OF VARIABLE RESOURCE AVAILABILITY

2025-07-20T20:27:21+00:00

This paper is devoted to the experimental study of the influence of different resource availability regimes on evolutionary
dynamics using a previously developed agent-based simulation. Five scenarios (from scarcity to extreme fluctuations) were
analyzed, and the dependence of dominant genetic strategies and population stability on environmental conditions was revealed.

O.V. Durov, T.V. Stetsyuk, V.V. Poluyanskaya, A.I. Ievtushenko

2025-07-20T20:30:34+00:00

A general overview of literature sources is presented and data analysis is carried out regarding the main parameters of
zinc oxide (ZnO), its physical and chemical properties and the most important areas of application in the context of interaction
with metals. Prospects for further research into the capillary and adhesive properties of ZnO-based ceramic materials are
considered. The main properties of materials based on ZnO, their fabrication methods and their application are given. Key
useful properties make ZnO valuable for a variety of applications: transparent electrodes, various sensors, energy-saving or
heat-shielding windows, electronics, etc. Most of the research presented in the article is devoted to the interaction of ZnO with
metals, since in a significant part of applications the close contact of zinc oxide with the metal plays a significant role. ZnO thin
films, which can be obtained by chemical vapor deposition, magnetron sputtering, metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy,
electrodeposition, pulsed laser deposition, sputtering, sol-gel synthesis, atomic layer deposition, spray pyrolysis, etc., are
important for practical application.

ANALYSIS OF THE LIMITATIONS OF MACHINE LEARNING IN PREDICTING SPORTS RESULTS

2025-07-20T20:32:22+00:00

This paper presents an experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of a predictive model based on machine learning
algorithms. The key objective was to analyze the reasons for the discrepancies between predicted and actual results. The results
of the experiments revealed a significant impact of dynamic and unpredictable factors (sudden injuries, changes in composition,
team motivation, weather conditions) on the accuracy of predictions. The main limitations of existing statistical approaches
were systematized and priority areas for further improvement of sports analytics methods were identified. The main result of
the work is the identification of key challenges and justification of the need for new approaches to forecasting in the context of
highly dynamic sporting events.

MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE PROCESS OF GRAIN MATERIAL TRANSPORTATION IN A PNEUMATIC CONVEYOR

2025-08-01T19:23:11+00:00

For the movement of grain materials during their post-harvest processing, pneumatic screw conveyors are used, which
ensure the movement of grain over considerable distances. The results of the analysis of kinematic-dynamic processes are
presented, which are characteristic of two possible cases of complex movement or movement of grain material particles along
the surface of the spiral turn of the screw conveyor - in the absence of oscillatory processes of the screw drum and in the presence
of screw vibration. Based on the analysis of graphic constructions, it was established that the angle of deviation of a grain
material particle during its movement along the spiral turn of the screw varies in the range of 0...72 degrees, and depending on
the increase in the diameter and pitch of the screw, the deviation of the particle when changing the angle within 45...72 degrees
has a direct character, i.e. increases, and in the range of 0...45 degrees - an inverse character, i.e. decreases. The obtained
differential dependencies or mathematical models can be used to further substantiate the structural and kinematic parameters
of pneumatic screw transport mechanisms.

STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF BLADE SHARPNESS ON SLICED VENEER QUALITY

2025-08-01T19:26:39+00:00

This study outlines the conditions necessary to produce high-quality sliced veneer. We analyzed the specifics of
sharpening knives for veneer slicing machines and identified deficiencies in the knife preparation process that reduce
productivity. Research was conducted on the surface roughness of sliced veneer produced on a Cremona TZE 40 machine. A
diagram was then constructed to show the relationship between surface roughness and the knife's cutting edge radius, as
well as the number of double strokes of the flitch.

EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT FOR DETERMINATION OF RATIONAL CUTTING MODES IN DRUM WOOD CHIPPERS

2025-08-01T19:28:48+00:00

The ways of improving the schematic diagram of drum chippers of wood are analysed in order to obtain the largest
possible percentage of technological chips of the right size and quality, primarily for the production of fuel pellets. It is noted
that the components of obtaining wood chips of certain sizes in drum chippers are a number of factors that can generally be
combined into two: the cutting mode and the design of the chipping chamber of technological chips.
The features of the design of the experimental equipment produced are described, on which it will be possible to study
the components of improving the drum chipper of wood with a high degree of accuracy.

THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE OPTIMIZATION OF LOGISTICS PROCESSES IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE

2025-08-01T19:30:22+00:00

The article analyzes the application of artificial intelligence in logistics processes within Ukraine's food industry,
specifically warehouse automation, demand forecasting, and transportation condition monitoring. The integration of AI with
IoT and robotic platforms facilitates the creation of intelligent logistics ecosystems that optimize inventory management and
minimize food waste. The use of analytical tools, such as Power BI and Tableau, enables companies to efficiently process large
data sets and improve forecasting accuracy. The described technological solutions help reduce costs, enhance logistics
efficiency, and contribute to the sustainable development of the industry. AI plays a key role in shaping competitive logistics
strategies, allowing enterprises to adapt to modern global standards and market challenges.

EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE VALUES OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE POSITION OF THE WORKING BODIES OF CHAIN STITCH MACHINES OF TYPE 101 AND CONSTRUCTION OF THEIR SYNCHROGRAMS

2025-08-01T19:33:07+00:00

The paper investigates the process of forming a single-thread chain stitch of type 101 under conditions of variable
technological parameters. For the GK-9-2 type sewing machine, the functions of the position of the working bodies - the needle
S(), the gear rack T(), the expander L() and Z(), the thread feeder U(), as well as the functions of the actual P(φ) and the
required P′(φ) thread feed per one cycle of rotation of the main shaft - were experimentally determined. Approximation
polynomials of the 6th order with a high degree of reliability (R² = 0.998÷0.9999) and an error of no more than ±0.25 mm or
±1.5° in angular coordinates were constructed for all functions.
Comparison of the results obtained by graphical and analytical methods allowed us to verify the models and clarify
the key points of interaction between the actuators (gripping the loop and its “stabbing” with the needle). The constructed
functions were used to model the stitching process, taking into account changes in material thickness and stitch length, which
made it possible to form a generalized synchronization of the machine.
The analysis of the functions P(φ) and P′(φ) revealed significant discrepancies: at the minimum material thickness
and short stitch, the excess of the actual thread feed is 64.4%, and at the maximum values, its shortage reaches 6.2%. The reason
is the fixed feed law in the slider mechanism, which does not provide for adjustment.
The obtained results emphasize the feasibility of developing adaptive mechanisms for thread feeding that can change
its value depending on technological parameters. The presented analytical models can be used as a basis for further designing
mechanisms that will ensure reliable connection of layers of multilayer textile compositions.

USE OF BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS FROM OIL FLAX CELLULOSE FOR FOOD PACKAGING

2025-08-01T19:35:02+00:00

The article explores the prospects of using biodegradable materials based on oil flax cellulose for food packaging. The
transition to a circular economy and the need to reduce plastic waste drive the development of alternative environmentally
friendly solutions in the packaging industry. The research methodology includes an analysis of current trends in biopolymer
material production, an assessment of the physicomechanical properties of biodegradable materials derived from oil flax
cellulose, and a forecast of their market implementation. A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the properties of oil
flax cellulose against other natural biopolymers. Significant attention is given to the potential applications of oil flax cellulose
in various industrial sectors. The study demonstrates a high yield of cellulose acetate biofibers, that exhibit resistance to acidic
and saline environments, making them promising for use in the food and medical industries. The life cycle analysis of flax fiber
confirms its environmental benefits and minimal ecological impact. The results indicate that using biodegradable materials
based on oil flax is an effective tool for reducing dependence on synthetic polymers. The research contributes to the
implementation of innovative environmentally safe technologies in Ukraine’s packaging industry, thus contributing to the
reduction of plastic waste. The utilization of oil flax cellulose can significantly improve the ecological situation and promote
sustainable development in the agricultural sector by creating a closed-loop production system that fully utilizes all plant
components without generating waste.

INFLUENCE OF SILICONE ADDITIVES ON STRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYURETHANE FOAM

2025-08-01T19:36:39+00:00

The work presents a study of the effect of cilicone supplement on the structure and mechanical properties of
polyurethane foam (PPU). PPUs were obtained by the pouring in plastic forms due to the synthesis of polyole (with the content
of the foam) and the polyisocyanate components in the weight ratio of 2:4. The modifying silicone additive was introduced at
the stage of mixing components in different weight ratios from 1 to 4 weight particles. The microstructure of the obtained foam
with different weight content of silicone additives is analyzed, their porosity and structural and morphological features were
evaluated and the behavior of modified PPU samples during deforming with static compression is considered. The pattern of
change of porosity and mechanical characteristics is described due to the variation of the weight ratio of components. An
increase in the particle of silicone additive leads to an increase in strength and mechanical characteristics at the same time as
a decrease in PPU plasticity and an increase in the proportion of open pores in the material. The approaches described in the
work can be used in the manufacture of foam structures that have predetermined characteristics.

HARDWARE PLATFORMS FOR AUTOMATED UAV CONTROL: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND OPTIMAL SOLUTION SELECTION

2025-08-01T19:38:23+00:00

This article examines the most optimal hardware platforms for controlling unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). It explores
essential factors in selecting flight controllers, including computational performance, peripheral support, energy efficiency, and
real-time operating system (RTOS) compatibility. Special emphasis is placed on power stability, integration with sensors,
cameras, and communication modules, and ensuring seamless operation in challenging conditions. The suitability of ESP32,
Teensy 4.1, and STM32 «Blue Pill» for advanced drone applications is assessed, comparing them with alternatives like
Raspberry Pi, Arduino Uno, and BeagleBone Black. The analysis highlights the advantages and limitations of each platform in
terms of power management, connectivity, and responsiveness. The conclusion underscores the necessity of proper power system
design, including high-quality voltage regulators such as UBEC and PDB, to ensure flight stability and efficiency.