THE IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY OF BIOMASS PROCESSING TO OBTAIN PRODUCTS OF VARIOUS APPLICATIONS

Abstract

The article is devoted to processing technologies for biomass, formed during flax harvesting. These technologies take into account the fiber potential of stems to obtain products of various applications. The best area in Ukraine to use the classical technologies of flax harvesting and processing is Western Polissya. However, due to the crisis that lasts for two decades the Ukrainian Flax Industry requires radical changes of the existing approaches. Nowadays the classical technologies are inefficient, energy-consuming and in many cases result in a poor-quality fiber. The proposed ways to overcome the crisis are the gradual introduction of linseed flax into the Western Polіssya crop rotation and the revival of Textile Flax production. Based of modern research analyzing the world’s and the Ukrainian flax market status, it can be confirmed that the revival of flax production depends on the integrated use of all components of linseed flax and textile flax. The experiments have proved that the varieties of linseed flax growing in the Western Polіssya have a length that allows the stems to be processed into a fiber. However, the biomass windrows are remained in the field during a machine harvesting. They have a considerable size and do not turn into a retted straw for a long time. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain fiber in the traditional way. The manufacturers recycle flax stems by burning. A similar situation is observed in the case of the harvesting and processing of the other crops (sunflower, corn, hemp and etc.) Raw biomass is utilized by burning. Burning plant biomass in the field pollutes and destroys the soil. Air pollution with combustion products also occurs. This is a modern ecological problem of agricultural production in the Ukraine and in the world.