AGRICULTURAL MACHINES

JUSTIFICATION OF GROVE-LIKE ROD SHAPE OF THE SOIL TILLAGE UNIT FOR PRE-SOWING PROCESSING

H. Tesliuk — 2024-07-11

To prepare the soil for sowing, tillers with a horizontal or vertical rotation axis of the working body are used. Horizontal rotary working bodies make it possible to form three horizontal layers relative to the arable horizon with different contents of soil aggregates. In order to ensure the simultaneous grinding and separation of the soil, it is necessary to justify the shape and geometric dimensions of the working body of the tillage module for pre-sowing tillage. The method of bionic engineering was used to determine the most rational shape. For this purpose, the locomotion and biomechanics of the soil fauna were considered, namely the process of interaction of animal claws with the soil. To determine the degree of soil grinding, a refined mathematical model of A. M. Panchenko was used, which allows researchers to analyze the work of active bodies that perform both translational and rotational motion. Taking into account the proposed model of soil grinding, a geometric calculation of the shape of the rod of the bionic tillage unit for pre-sowing tillage was carried out based on the morphology of the claws of soil fauna animals, and its three-dimensional model was built. Animal claws were approximated using reverse engineering methods. The equations describing the outer and inner surfaces of the claw-shaped rod of the soil tillage unit for pre-sowing tillage were obtained by solving the condition of ensuring the maximum degree of soil grinding in the Wolfram Cloud software package using the FindMaximum function. The results of the calculation of the shape of the claw-like rod of the bionic tillage unit will be used to make an experimental sample of the equipment and further check the quality of soil grinding.

STUDY OF INTERACTION OF BREAKER-SPREADER WITH LINSEED STEM FLOW

D. Albota — 2024-07-11

Linseed is grown by farms for seed production. The most common flax harvesting techniques are direct harvesting or separate harvesting. Under favorable growing conditions, the stem part of the crop can reach 45 t/ha, which creates additional difficulties at the harvesting stage. In this paper, the process of interaction of the thinner tooth of the beater with the flow of flax stems to ensure the separation of stems and the separation of seeds has been studied. Theoretical studies were carried out and the necessary conditions for high quality processing of flax stalk flow were determined. Factors influencing the degree of flax seed separation and hull loosening were determined. A model of a tooth and comb for a beater-thickener was developed. The position of the teeth on the comb was substantiated. The deflection of the stalk clamped on both sides by the force of the tooth was determined. The force with which the flax stalks are pulled out of the fixings of the equipment is also determined. The time required to separate the seeds from the stalk layer and the percentage of separated seeds at different rotation frequencies of the loosener shaft were determined. The necessary distance between adjacent pairs of rollers to destroy the seed pods and separate the seeds was determined to be 40 cm. Increasing this distance causes the stalks to sag and wind up on the working elements of the machine. Processing a stream of flax stalks with the help of the developed equipment ensures complete separation of seeds from compacted layers of stalks with a minimum content of waste impurities and minimal loss of seeds. According to the results of the conducted researches it is recommended to install in the machine for flax harvesting a knot for stacking of stalks.

SOIL HARDNESS RESEARCH RESULTS FOR «ELITA» FIELDS

I. Tsiz — 2024-07-12

The «Elita» fields are located on sandy loam and sandy soils, which have different hardness in different areas of the same field. Such a characteristic of the soil does not contribute to the realization of the potential of oilseed plants. The problem becomes particularly urgent in the event of a critical decrease in moisture in the arable layer of the soil. In fact, oilseed plants, thanks to their root system, are able to use the moisture below the arable layer of the soil, when the hardness of the soil in these layers is optimal for the penetration of the root system. Therefore, a methodology has been developed and a study has been carried out on the soil hardness of the defined «Elita» fields in order to optimize the work on their deep loosening. The research used a methodology based on the use of the Lan-M PRO hardness tester, a mobile application for creating a uniform grid of hardness measurements on a given field with reference to GPS coordinates, and the FIELD-M Archive Viewer 2.4 program. According to the developed methodology, soil hardness was measured at two points on each hectare of the field. On the basis of the values obtained as a result of the research, cartograms of field hardness were created for soil layers at depths from 25 cm to 50 cm with steps of 5 cm. Based on the analysis of the cartograms, recommendations for deep loosening of the studied fields were developed. The obtained recommendations make it possible to limit the tillage depth of the majority of the fields to 45 cm. It was also established that in order to take into account the variation in the distribution of soil hardness of the fields according to their area and depth, shown on the cartograms, it is necessary to study and implement new principles of deep tillage. By introducing new principles of depth processing, it will be possible to develop a tool capable of modifying the depth of each individual organ in real time according to cartograms.

STUDY OF ROLLER AND CENTRIFUGAL METHODS OF HEMP SEED SHELLING

V. Sheichenko — 2024-07-12

The object of the research is the technological processes of crushing, roller and centrifugal crushers, efficiency (number of kernels) of crushing hemp seeds. The process of crushing the seeds helps to increase the nutritional value of the food product. Modern technical-technological solutions for crushing the seeds of agricultural crops are based on taking into account its physical and technological properties. The heterogeneity of seed structures makes it impossible to use universal methods and mechanisms of collapse. According to the results of the conducted research, the advantages of centrifugal breakers with a closed sector-type impeller compared to roller-type breakers have been established. In the case of a centrifugal crusher, the highest yield of crushed kernels (15.36%) was obtained for processing seeds with a moisture content of 15.0%. The highest level of collapsed kernels under the conditions of using a roller crusher was 12.64% for the processing of seeds with a fraction of 3.75 mm. One of the significant advantages of centrifugal crushers is the ability to crush seeds without prior separation into fractions. On roller-type equipment, the dependence of the effectiveness of hemp seed crushing on both the space between the rollers and the size of the seed fractions was noted. For an interval of 0.5 mm, an increase in the size of the fractions from 3.25 to 3.75 mm enabled a corresponding increase in the number of collapsed cores from 4.16% to 12.64%. For a gap between the rollers of 1.0 mm, the observed rate was 3.97-6.55%. Both on the equipment of the roller and centrifugal types, the effectiveness of the collapse depends on the moisture content of the hemp seeds. Under centrifugal collapse, an increase in seed moisture from 8% to 15% led to a corresponding increase (by 12.52%) in the percentage of collapsed kernels from 2.84% to 15.36%. The working wheel of the closed sectoral type of the centrifugal crusher does not create excessive air flow in the working chamber and makes it impossible to crush the seeds.

RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE HOMOGENIZER-DISPERSER OF LIQUID FEED FOR PIGS

E. Aliiev — 2024-07-13

Effective pig farming is impossible without providing animals with high quality, balanced feed at a competitive price and in the required quantity. The article analyzes the dependences determined during the experiment between various parameters of liquid feed production. In particular, changes in the content of 0–0.5 mm particles in the mixture depend on the frequency of rotation of the rotor, the diameter of the stator inlet and the operating time of the equipment. It was also found that the index of stratification of the mixture varies depending on the same parameters. The temperature of the mixture, the power consumption of the electric motor and the energy consumption also change according to the frequency of rotation of the rotor, the diameter of the inlet hole of the stator and the operating time of the equipment. The energy consumption was calculated as the product of the power consumption of the electric motor and the operating time of the equipment. In order to evaluate the influence of each of these factors on the optimization criteria of the liquid feed preparation process, studies were conducted according to the Box-Benkin D-optimal plan matrix of the second order for three factors. Each experiment was carried out in three replicates to ensure the reliability of the results obtained. The dependencies of the specific energy consumption for the execution of the process also vary from these factors. Particularly interesting is the fact that when the value of the indicator of stratification of the mixture is less than 5% and the efficiency indicator is minimized, the optimal value of the equipment operation time is observed in the range from 45.1 to 50.4 minutes for different types of input material. The specific energy consumption indicator also depends on the type of grain used. The lowest specific energy consumption is: for soybeans – 0.696 MJ/kg, for wheat – 0.794 MJ/kg, for barley – 0.896 MJ/kg.

RESEARCH OF THE WIDE-BREAD METHOD OF SOWING SPRING BARLEY AND THE SEEDER FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

I. Tsiz — 2024-07-13

Barley is important for feeding animals, making cereal, and brewing beer. The importance of barley-based products for human nutrition is that barley protein contains substances that help to significantly reduce cholesterol levels in the blood. Recently, the price of barley grain has increased in contrast to wheat. The high cost of traditional mineral fertilizers does not help to use them in optimal doses for growing agricultural crops. In such conditions, post-harvest sowing of siderates can be considered as an alternative to spring barley. The classical scheme of sowing barley is sowing with a row width of 15 cm. Domestic and global manufacturers of sowing equipment offer the possibility of sowing barley using strip technology or wide row method. At the same time, the global trend of consumption of organic products is actively spreading also in Ukraine. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to study the influence of strip seeding method on the yield of spring barley and the effectiveness of inter-row cultivation as a weed control measure, and to develop a seeding scheme for strip seeding of cereals. As a result of the field research it was established that the 8-37-8 cm strip sowing scheme of spring barley allows to obtain the yield of organic grain of spring barley of the variety RGT PLANET at the level of the indicators of this variety given in the characteristics for the conditions of Polissia. The obtained value of the weight of 1000 seeds indicates an increase in the quality indicators of the crop in comparison with the usual method of row sowing. On the basis of the obtained results of the experimental research a functional scheme of the seeder for strip sowing of grain crops according to the 8-37-8 cm scheme was developed. The basis of such a seeder is the sectional sowing with two supporting wheels, an anchor coulter and a flow divider.

CLASSIFICATION OF FUEL TYPES FROM AGRICULTURAL CROP BIOMASS

S. Yaheliuk — 2024-07-14

After harvesting the main crop (grains, seeds), unused plant biomass remains on the fields in Ukraine. Domestic technologies for processing such biomass are not sufficiently developed. One of the reasons for the slow development of post-harvest processing technologies and their limited use as a raw material for fuel is the lack of classification of fuel types. As a result of the research it was established that it is possible to classify types of fuel from biomass of agricultural crops according to many characteristics. The main ones are physical condition and type of raw materials. It was also established that the most important and suitable for processing are the stalks of crops: cereals, maize, sunflower, bast and oil crops. Based on these data, a generalized classification of the main types of fuels that can be produced from the biomass of the stalks of these crops was created. It also includes a new type of fuel – small fuel rolls. The practical significance of the proposed classification lies in the optimization of the processes of collection, storage and processing of biomass of agricultural crops for fuel production. The developed classification allows farmers and agricultural companies to plan the use of biomass from agricultural crops for energy production, reduce fuel costs and increase the profitability of the farm. It will also facilitate the development of regional energy programs that take into account local crop biomass resources. The fuel produced from the biomass of the stalks of agricultural crops can be used in individual and centralized power and heat supply, transport. The main advantages of fuel from biomass of agricultural crops are environmental friendliness and renewability. Restoration, reconstruction, construction of new thermal power plants, boiler houses, power generation and production of cheap fuel for them is a relevant task today.

ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF ONION HARVESTING MACHINES

O. Zmievska — 2024-07-14

Onion is a vegetable crop that is one of the most needed in the food industry. Onion farms use various agrotechnical measures to increase productivity and preserve the crop. Onion harvesting is a complex technological process, which is often carried out manually, resulting in financial losses for farmers. In Ukraine, the level of mechanization of onion (Allium cepa L.) harvesting is relatively low compared to other vegetable crops such as potatoes. Mechanization of onion harvesting with the help of potato diggers is not rational due to the significant difference in the physical and mechanical properties of the onion, which causes significant trauma to the onion. The article discusses various onion harvesting technologies and technical means for their implementation. The main factors that characterize single-phase and two-phase onion harvesting technologies are determined. An analysis of the complex of foreign onion harvesting machines designed for the implementation of single-phase and two-phase onion harvesting technologies was carried out. It was found out that there are no machines of domestic production. Only in 2023 Ukraine produced a prototype of an onion harvester. The review of onion harvesting machines showed that the main direction of their development is the creation of machines with high efficiency of technological operations and combination of several operations. The use of such machines by agricultural producers will ensure fuel economy and high quality of products, reduce the use of manual labor. In order to secure the domestic market for onions, reduce the import of vegetables and restore the status of Ukraine as an onion exporter, it is important to activate the development of domestic equipment, taking into account the characteristics of soils, the organization of production processes in Ukraine, as well as the main trends in the development of technologies and machinery for this industry.

DEVELOPING A CLASSIFICATION OF AGRICULTURAL ROBOTS

O. Nalobina — 2024-07-15

The introduction of sustainable methods of agriculture, soil and plant condition monitoring is carried out through the optimization of agricultural production management, the introduction of innovative design and technological solutions, as well as digital technologies. An important role in this process is played by agricultural machinery and automation technologies, which allow monitoring and forecasting of work, reduce the cost of finished products, improve their quality indicators, solve personnel problems and reduce environmental impact. Manufacturers of agricultural robotics offer solutions for a variety of industries, including crop and livestock farming. According to a specific agricultural task, the robot has certain design, kinematic and energy characteristics. Despite the various designs of robots, there is still no developed classification of agricultural robots, which are only divided into groups by type and application. The article presents the results of the analysis of models of agricultural robots. The analysis is reduced to features that can be used to classify agricultural robots. For this purpose, a focused interview was conducted, which made it possible to determine the most important classification features, on the basis of which it would be possible to justify the choice of a robot for a specific agricultural production, taking into account its needs. During the research, information was obtained that was the basis for the development of a classification of robots. The main characteristics suggested by the focus groups for the basis of the classification were: field of application, degree of specialization, type of drive, type of motor, control system. The authors of the article also suggested additional characteristics: type of production, mass of work, mobility, energy source, type of work, duration of work without recharging.

MODELING OF THE PROCESS OF RECLAMATION MACHINE OPERATION DURING SOIL FILLING

А. Shymko — 2024-07-15

Reclamation is an important factor of intensification of agricultural production and scientific and technical progress in agriculture. The main goal of agricultural reclamation is to create optimal conditions for the production of agricultural products. Hydromelioration is one of the most time-consuming and widespread forms of land reclamation, i.e., it is a set of measures and structures that ensure the improvement of the natural conditions for agricultural land use by regulating the water regime of soils. Canals are the main elements of reclamation systems. Ensuring the quality operation of channels with the required bandwidth guarantees the effective operation of the entire reclamation system. The article describes the operation of a rotary soil distributor. It has been studied that the quality of the machine's operation is ensured by selecting the design parameters of the rotor blades, their installation angles, the position of the directional ejection nozzle and the value of the linear speed of soil ejection. The soil on the slope is spread with a fan-like jet evenly over the entire length of the ejection. The law of movement of the soil through the blade has been established as a function of a number of geometric and kinematic parameters: the angle of installation of the blade; the length, width and curvature of the blade; the speed of rotation of the rotor. The dimensions of the spreading belt were determined. It has been studied that the main requirement for metal distributors is the uniformity of soil distribution along the entire length of the throw. To meet this requirement, the rotor alternates flat and curved blades. Thanks to this, it is possible to extend the range of changes in the magnitude and direction of the absolute speed of throwing at a constant frequency of rotation of the rotor.

OVERVIEW OF DESIGNS OF PNEUMATIC SEEDING DEVICES OF SEEDERS

R. Ferenc — 2024-07-16

Sowing is one of the most responsible processes in crop production. Identifying the potential of a crop variety or hybrid depends on the quality of sowing. The result of growing agricultural crops also depends on the quality of sowing. The production conditions of crop production are also important, in particular the farming system used on the farm and the size of the cultivated area. When sowing, it is impossible to make mistakes that have a significant impact on the final result of agriculture. The high cost of high quality seeds makes it necessary to ensure the accuracy of sowing. The task of precision sowing is to obtain an even distribution of seeds over the field area to ensure the same area of nutrition and proper conditions for plant development. Quality of sowing depends on the speed of the process, the quality of seed placement and compliance with the specified depth of its appearance, as well as the degree of damage to the seed material. The result of the quality work of the seeder is obtaining friendly and uniform seedlings. When choosing modern sowing device, it is necessary to pay attention to proper technical service and adaptability of the equipment to working conditions. According to the principle of operation, seeders are divided into mechanical and pneumatic with mechanical or electric drive. The article presents the results of the analysis of performance indicators of seeders for row crops. In particular, the characteristics of the design of pneumatic seeders of the leading manufacturers of agricultural machinery (John Deere, Amazone, Kverneland, etc.) were analyzed. Advantages and disadvantages of their operation are determined. To date, the most popular vacuum seeders are of the disc type. The main advantages of these seeders are that they do not damage the seed and have compact dimensions. On the basis of the analysis, further directions for improvement of the design of pneumatic sowing devices of seeders were formed.

IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY INDICATORS OF SOWING PROCESS

V. Salo — 2024-07-17

The overall efficiency of growing agricultural crops is formed by a number of different factors, in particular, qualitative indicators of the performance of technological processes. Special attention is paid to the process of sowing, in particular to its qualitative indicators, including the uniformity of sowing. Uniformity of sowing, further development of plants, as well as formation and harvest of the crop depend on this indicator. Uniformity of seed sowing also depends on many factors, including the design of the coulters and seeding sections. Also, special attention is paid to seeders and their working bodies, which must ensure the given qualitative indicators of the execution of the technological process. One of the known areas of improvement for these implements is to provide them with additional design elements designed to forcibly hold the seeds at a certain depth before it is covered with soil. The purpose of the research is to determine the possibility of increasing the uniformity of seed wrapping in the soil by using wrappers equipped with original additional structural elements. Scientists have proposed several design innovations to solve this problem, but there is no experimental confirmation of their effectiveness. To fill this gap, experimental field studies were conducted on sliding coulters with and without a retention heel. The coefficient of variation of the numerical values of the sowing depth was chosen as an indicator of uniformity. The sowing depth of the coulters and the working speed of the seeder were chosen as factors influencing the process. It was found that the coulter equipped with a heel allows to increase the uniformity of the seed covering by 6%, which is the basis for further researches on the justification and optimization of the design and technological parameters of the proposed coulter elements.

SIMULATION OF HEAT EXCHANGE PROCESSES IN ROTARY SEED DRYER

R. Kirchuk — 2024-07-18

An important technological operation that ensures the formation of high-quality seed material is drying. This technological operation must have precise temperature modes of operation. It is also necessary to take into account the peculiarities of agricultural material. During post-harvest processing, the deviation from the set parameters leads to a decrease in the quality of raw materials. A set of studies is systematized to find ways to develop energy-saving drying methods. These studies were carried out by the Department of Agricultural Engineering named after Professor H. A. Hylis. Means that intensify the drying process are proposed. They are based on taking into account the properties of the seed material. This material is heat treated. The proposed design of a rotary dryer for loose agricultural seed materials with a spiral perforated surface of the drying chamber. Mathematical modeling of heat and mass transfer processes was performed to optimize the parameters of the drying unit. The seed material is dried on a spiral surface and mixed. The drying process will be represented by a sectional cascade type scheme with cross movement of the drying agent and seed material. The mathematical description of heat and mass transfer processes is presented by the microkinetic method. Its essence is the solution of the interaction model of flows of dispersed material and drying agent. The material is mixed within the sections. The kinetic regularities of a group of particles are characterized by the average value of temperature and humidity by volume. The results of the simulation, carried out in the form of a numerical experiment, are presented in graphic form.

JUSTIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL REGIME FOR EXTRACTING FIBER FROM SCOTS PINE NEEDLES

O. Tkachuk — 2024-07-18

Scots pine needles are a promising raw material for the production of both man-made and natural textile fibers. The concept of obtaining natural fibers from needles has significant ecological and economic potential. The purpose of the research is to intensify the technological mode of fiber extraction from Scots pine needles and to improve its quality indicators. The article examines the technological mode of fiber extraction from pine needles, which is a promising raw material for the production of natural textile fibers. The study of pine needles was carried out with the aim of intensifying the technological mode of fiber extraction. A review of known researches was carried out and it was established that the promising directions for improvement of the technological mode of obtaining textile fibers from pine needles are to increase its environmental friendliness, in particular, to reduce the concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), as well as to minimize the duration of temperature treatment. Studies have shown that resins, essential oils and other substances contained in the needles are actively released at the initial stage of processing, after which their release slows down significantly and there is a need to replace the bath. In order to intensify the process of fiber release, it has been suggested to mechanically destroy the epidermal layer of needles before chemical treatment. Research results show that increasing the concentration of NaOH from 50 g/l to 100 g/l is impractical because the resulting fiber has a darker colour. The technological mode of fiber processing is proposed: preliminary mechanical processing of the fiber between corrugated shafts, two-bath treatment with a solution of sodium hydroxide NaOH with a concentration of 50 g/l at a temperature of 100ºC for 10 minutes in the first bath and 30 minutes in the second bath. The fiber obtained by the proposed method is complex, long, with an uneven surface, heterogeneous in colour and thickness.

RESEARCH ON THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF SAPROPEL-BASED GRANULAR FERTILIZER

S. Khomych — 2024-07-19

Organic fertilizers, which minimize harmful effects and stabilize or even increase the humus content, have a positive effect on the soil. Among various organic fertilizers, sapropel-based fertilizers have a positive effect on the soil. It is also recommended to use organo-mineral fertilizers containing sapropel and mineral components of natural minerals. Such fertilizers ensure healthy development of plants during cultivation. The granules of such fertilizers should have a spherical shape, which allows them to be applied to the soil with traditional machines. With the help of combined granulator-dryer it is possible to produce granules from organo-mineral raw materials quickly and with high quality. In the article the production process of granulated fertilizers on the basis of highly organic sapropel is studied and the design of a machine for its implementation is proposed. As a raw material for the production of fertilizers it is proposed to use organic sapropel, which is naturally dehydrated to a moisture content of 77–80%. On the basis of the literature analysis, a scheme of a machine for the production of granulated fertilizers (dryer-granulator) was proposed and its production process was reproduced in laboratory conditions. Contact and convective drying methods with preliminary grinding and rolling of raw materials were used to form spherical fertilizer granules. These processes are proposed to be carried out simultaneously in a drum drying chamber with a cascade drying and grinding nozzle. During a complex of experimental studies of the characteristics of fertilizer granules, their fractional composition, moisture content, strength and density were determined. The proposed method of obtaining organo-mineral fertilizers is promising, but requires further research into the use of various types of mineral components from local deposits in the granules, as well as the mechanism of influence of these fertilizers on the yield of agricultural crops and soil properties.

JUSTIFICATION OF GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF SCREW PRESS CHAMBER OF SAPROPEL CONVEYOR

R. Khlopetskyi — 2024-07-21

During extraction of sapropel with a high moisture content, it is necessary to separate free water, which has no value for the further use of sapropel, but complicates its transportation and processing. The article proposes the design of a pressing chamber for the equipment of extraction and processing of lake sapropel of natural moisture. The research is aimed at the theoretical justification of the geometrical parameters of the press chamber of the sapropel screw conveyor. In existing sapropel extraction technologies, screw, pneumatic and pneumatic-hydraulic conveyors are used. For partial dehydration of mined lake sapropel of natural moisture in technologies of extraction and processing of sapropel, mainly intermittent presses are used. The article proposes to combine the processes of transportation and partial mechanical dehydration of lake sapropel by pressing in the press chamber of a screw conveyor. The study examines the influence of various design parameters on the efficiency of the screw conveyor and the press chamber. The influence of the geometrical and other parameters of the conveyor on its energy consumption, productivity and the regime of the technological process is also considered. The theoretical calculations made it possible to develop recommendations for the optimal geometric parameters of the press chamber of the sapropel screw conveyor, which influence the quality and efficiency of sapropel dehydration. Application of the obtained results in practice will increase the efficiency of the processes of extraction and processing of lake sapropel, which is an important step in the development of environmentally friendly technologies. In general, the study contributes to the expansion of knowledge in the field of extraction and processing of lake sapropel and can be useful for specialists engaged in the development and improvement of equipment for screw conveyors and dewatering systems.

SHAPE MODELING OF FRUITS AND ROOTS

I. Dudarev — 2024-07-27

Vegetables, fruits, berries and seeds of agricultural crops have different shapes and sizes. When developing machines and equipment for harvesting and processing agricultural products, it is necessary to take into account these characteristics of fruit and vegetable products in order to ensure high efficiency of technological processes. Scientists use various methods to describe the shape of vegetables, fruits, berries and seeds. In particular, morphometric analysis, reconstruction of contour images obtained from a photo of the whole fruits or its parts, as well as X-ray computed tomography, 3D data processing methods and visualization technologies (triangulation, time of flight (TOF), interferometry, electromagnetic radiation and ultrasound) are used. The aim of the study was to obtain mathematical models of the shapes of fruits and root crops. Creative shapes of tomatoes, carrots and table beets were described by modifying the superformula of the flat curve of the superellipse. To build 3D models of fruits and root crops, the equation of the creative shape written in parametric form was used. Construction of graphs of creative forms of fruit and root crops, as well as their 3D models was carried out in the computer algebra system Mathcad 14. The proposed mathematical models can be used for modeling of technological processes, development of working bodies of machines, equipment and robots for harvesting and processing of agricultural crops, as well as for determination of physical and mechanical parameters of agricultural products (volume, mass, density, etc.). By changing the parameters of the mathematical models of fruit and root crops, it is possible to take into account the peculiarities of the shape of their various varieties. Further research in this direction with the aim of developing mathematical models for describing the shape of seeds, fruits and roots of various agricultural crops is promising.