ADVANCES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND TRANSPORT

DEVELOPMENT OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF LASER WELDING OF A THIN-WALLED GIRTH JOINT FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THE HOUSING STRUCTURE OF THE SENSOR

Artemii BERNATSKYI — 2025-05-20

Thin-walled products with girth welded joints are widely used in modern machine building and instrumentation, where the quality of welded joints is subject to particularly high requirements. Welding of such products is accompanied by a number of technological challenges, especially when laser welding is used. The main problems are the instability of the metal remelting process due to the small diameters of the focused laser radiation, the risk of burns, lack of penetration, pore formation, and localized weakening of the joint due to overheating. In this work, laser welding of girth welded joints of sensor housings made of AISI 304 stainless steel was studied using a fiber laser YLR-400-WC. Welding was performed in a pulsed mode with a frequency of 1000 Hz using high-purity argon as a shielding gas. To ensure high quality of welded joints, special technological solutions were used: smooth increase and decrease of laser power at the beginning and end of the welded joint to avoid cratering, use of a precision rotator with high positioning accuracy, and modernization of the design of the welded edges. During the experiments, it was found that the original scheme with flanging only on the cover of the sensor part led to depressurization due to overheating in the area where the sensor contacts are attached. To eliminate this problem, a new design scheme was developed with remote flanges on the sensor cover and flange, and a heat dissipation system with an aluminum spacer and thermal paste applied to it was introduced. Additionally, a metal ball was used to stabilize the rotation, which reduced friction. The results of the study confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed solutions: stable formation of a tight welded joint without defects and local overheating was achieved. The data obtained demonstrate the prospects of using laser welding for girth joints of thin-walled products, provided that the design of the welded elements is optimized and the thermal regime is controlled.
Keywords: laser welding, thin-walled products, development of welded joint design, flanging, parts with a rotation axis, stainless steels, AISI 304.

METHOD FOR DETERMINING DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FUEL INJECTORS WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVE ACTUATORS

Yurij GORBIK — 2025-05-20

Modern fuel injectors with electromagnetic actuators are critical components of internal combustion engine (ICE) fuel systems, as they determine the accuracy of fuel dosing, combustion efficiency, and the engine’s environmental performance. The dynamic characteristics of injectors, such as response speed, stability of cyclic fuel supply, and compliance with control signals, directly influence engine operation quality. However, over time, these parameters degrade due to wear, contamination, or material degradation, leading to increased emissions of harmful substances, higher fuel consumption, and reduced engine power. The article proposes a diagnostic method for assessing the dynamic characteristics of injectors, which can be used without disassembly or with disassembly. This approach enables early detection of deviations, optimization of maintenance processes, reduction of maintenance labor intensity, and serves as a valuable tool for training specialists in the field of automotive transport (specialty 274 “Automotive Transport”).

Injector testing without removal is performed through a comparative analysis of parameters across all engine injectors. Key diagnostic parameters include: Cyclic fuel supply correction – deviations in the actual volume of fuel injected per cycle compared to the value set by the electronic control unit (ECU). Control signal characteristics – analysis of the shape, amplitude, and duration of pulses sent to the electromagnetic actuator. Injector coil resistance – indicates the condition of electrical components (e.g., open circuits, short circuits). Nozzle opening delay time – the interval between the control signal and the start of nozzle movement during actuator activation, critical for injection synchronization. To evaluate an injector’s condition, all diagnostic parameters must be measured. A deviation in at least one parameter from its nominal value indicates a malfunction or contamination of the tested injector. The article presents a method for determining the dynamic characteristics of fuel injectors with electromagnetic valve actuators.

Key words: microprocessor control systems, electromechanical converter, injector valves, valve solenoid, method of registering valve or armature movement.

ENERGY-ECONOMIC RESULTS OF USING THE METHOD OF REDUCING ENERGY LOSSES OF MOBILE DIESEL COMPRESSOR STATIONS BY ADDITIONAL COOLING OF COMPRESSED GASES

Mariіa HNYP — 2025-05-20

The article conducts experimental studies of the use of additional freon cooling systems instead of water systems, which allows reducing the specific consumption of the coolant per kilogram of cooled gas by 2-3 times. For example, for the compressor unit KPU-16/250 the specific consumption of the heat carrier per kilogram of cooled gas when pumping nitrogen for the operating cooling system will be 1.71 kg/kg, and for the designed freon system - 0.69 kg/kg; the specific consumption of the heat carrier per kilogram of cooled gas when pumping air for the operating cooling system will be 1.76 kg/kg, and for the designed freon system – 0.72 kg/kg;

When using additional freon systems of high-efficiency cooling for cooling compressed air with a decrease in the temperature of the working medium in gas coolers to -10 0С, the specific energy consumed by the compressor is reduced for diesel compressor units of the oil and gas industry, on average, by 14-17%. Thus, for the SD-9/101M compressor unit, when nitrogen is injected, the specific energy consumed by the compressor decreases from 315.21 kJ/kg to 263.34 kJ/kg or by 16.5%; when air is injected, the specific energy consumed by the compressor decreases from 320.74 kJ/kg to 275.46 kJ/kg or by 14.2%.

Keywords: energy efficiency, compressor, cooling system, energy, power.

THE AVERAGE VEHICLE SPEED IN A DENSE TRAFFIC FLOW WITH TWO SLOW-MOVING VEHICLES ON A ROAD SECTION WITH LIMITED MANOEUVRING OPPORTUNITIES

Peter HORBACHOV — 2025-05-20

The wide range of vehicle speed studies indicates considerable attention to speed as the parameter of traffic flow that affects traffic safety and comfort, the environment, and the quality of life. This parameter is also one of the most important in transport modelling, where the speed distribution law, its percentiles, and the mode and mean are used. Most of the literature presents the results of speed surveys on sections of interurban roads and urban arterial streets, where traffic flow is mostly free. It is common for these studies to consider normal distribution typical for vehicle free-flow speeds, as well as the possibility of using the percentiles of this distribution, its mode and mean value in practice. However, this is not the case with the results of studying the speed in urban traffic conditions complicated by dense traffic and limited manoeuvring opportunities. In such conditions, a much smaller number of studies have been conducted. They do not demonstrate a consensus on the possibility of using speed distribution, which could be considered reference one, but at the same time, they are consistent in indicating a tendency to the decrease in average speed and the shift of the distribution mode to the left compared to the case of free-flowing traffic. This paper presents the initial steps in studying speed in complicated urban traffic conditions characterised by a strong influence of vehicles on each other, which can be observed on road sections with a single traffic lane and without a possibility of overtaking. In this research, the formula for calculating the average speed of a vehicle platoon with one slow-moving vehicle is used to derive the analogous formula for the case of two slow-moving vehicles, which limit the speed of the others. These formulas allow for deepening the knowledge of the limiting effect of dense flow on vehicle speed and the first moment of speed distribution, as well as coming closer to obtaining a relationship to calculate average traffic flow speed with any number of slow-moving vehicles.

Keywords: traffic speed, average speed, traffic flow, flow density, traffic lane, traffic conditions, analytical modelling, transport system.

STRUCTURING THE MAIN RESEARCH AREAS, MODELS AND METHODS OF MARITIME TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT

Petro MOVCHAN — 2025-05-20

This review aims to perform an intelligent analysis of various sources compiled based on modern scientific publications, industry and international conferences, market analytics, and development trends. The complexity and fragmentation of the research topics associated with the uncertainty of the influence of the external environment on the functioning of transport infrastructure facilities and global changes in the structure of relations are noted. It is shown that the development of transport logistics is characterized by the fact that simultaneously with its concept, there is a process of developing methodological foundations for new technologies for managing information support, processing and protection of information. Modern technologies for creating intelligent control systems are considered, and possible areas for improvement are indicated. The obtained information is structured into a basis on which trends in logistics development in maritime transport are laid: intelligent automation, robotics, big data analytics, the Internet of things, cybersecurity, cloud platforms, blockchain, and artificial intelligence. From the standpoint of maritime transport logistics, the advantages, disadvantages and areas of rational use of the proposed structuring are analyzed. This made it possible to identify promising areas of scientific research and provide a basis for constructing conceptual transportation models in complex operating conditions.

Keywords: maritime transport logistics, development trends, uncertainty, intellectualization, management, structuring.

ANALYSIS OF METHODS AND MODELS FOR STUDYING VEHICLE SUSPENSION SYSTEMS

Oleksiy PELEKH — 2025-05-20

The design of the car's suspension has the greatest impact on its performance properties: smooth ride, stability and handling. Increasing the smoothness of the ride provides comfortable sanitary conditions in the driver's and passengers' seats. As a rule, high smoothness of the ride can be achieved by reducing the rigidity of the elastic device and the damping coefficient of the shock absorber and, accordingly, increasing the suspension travel. Therefore, it is important to identify the disadvantages of different types of suspensions, classify them and further study their properties. In the development of technical solutions for the elements of the suspension systems of military vehicles and methods for studying the processes and states of operation of the suspension systems, there are a number of problems that need to be solved. This is the absence of an orderly system approach that comprehensively describes the process of choosing technical solutions for these elements based on the formulation of mathematical models describing processes and states for the synthesis of the structure and the selection of parameters. During the analysis, it was found that the existing mathematical models of processes and states are sometimes either unreasonably simplified or too cumbersome. An analysis of methods and models of research of car suspension systems has been carried out to determine the advantages and disadvantages of different types of suspensions. The analysis of suspensions (double-link, multi-link, adaptive, dependent, semi-dependent) was carried out on the following grounds: simplicity, compactness, reliability, noise and vibration insulation, controllability, the possibility of installing a drive axle, cheapness, cheap maintenance. They were classified as mechatronic systems: passive suspension systems, adaptive suspension systems, suspension systems with the ability to quickly adjust damper characteristics, slow-acting suspension systems, fully active suspension systems The advantages and disadvantages of different types of suspensions are determined, their classification as mechatronic systems are necessary for subsequent modeling of operation and determination of operational properties.

Keywords: car suspensions, suspension systems, mechatronic systems, smoothness, research models.

ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR CALCULATING FRACTAL DIMENSION AS A TOOL FOR ENHANCING PERFORMANCE AND SAFETY CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTOMOTIVE TRANSPORT OBJECTS

Serhii PUSTIULHA — 2025-05-20

This paper is devoted to developing a concept for the effective utilization of methods for analyzing and calculating the fractal dimension of models in two-, three-, and multidimensional spaces aimed at solving practical problems related to enhancing qualitative characteristics of automotive transport objects, transport infrastructure, and logistics. The most universal and computationally efficient method for calculating fractal parameters has been identified, opening new possibilities for optimizing modeling processes of real systems and significantly improving the quality of their analysis and forecasting.

Contemporary applied tasks, including those in transportation technologies, are actively progressing towards investigating processes within multidimensional spaces related to the dynamics of chaotic systems behavior. Searching for universal methods and algorithms to calculate fractal parameters for multiparametric object models within arbitrary-dimensional spaces, particularly those changing their properties over time, requires additional research for generalization.

The analysis of literature sources revealed that previous research still contains several unresolved issues regarding fractal analysis. These formed the basis for formulating the tasks addressed in this paper, including classification of methods for calculating fractal dimension as tools for solving practical problems across various scientific and technological fields; investigation of computational algorithms for determining fractal parameters of objects concerning their potential for generalization and use in spaces of arbitrary dimensionality; and identification of interdependencies and interrelations between fractal parameters of quasi-fractal and multifractal computational models and the technological, technical, and economic characteristics of objects and processes within the automotive industry. Based on these, ways to develop a practical method for calculating and analyzing fractal objects, characterized primarily by universality and standardization, have been outlined.

The research carried out in this study regarding the capabilities of the analyzed methods for calculating fractal dimensions, their classification according to defining characteristics, and the analysis of their algorithmic foundations led to the conclusion that the Box-Counting Method is the most effective and universal. It enables clear visualization of geometric complexity in models and their self-organization. The algorithm of this method is relatively simple and allows quantitative assessment of the hierarchical order and structural chaos level in studied objects, directly influencing accurate determination of relationships between fractal parameters and technological properties of real physical phenomena and processes.

A concept for improving the most universal Box-Counting method is proposed, with outlined directions for extending and deepening its theoretical, methodological, and algorithmic components. The idea of calculating fractal parameters for object models in spaces of arbitrary dimensions through continuous dimensionality reduction is introduced. Practically, this procedure resembles gradual stratification of a multidimensional object into separate layers of varying dimensionality, determining fractal parameters of these layers, and consolidating geometric data into a unified information framework. Such fractal scanning allows for adjusting individual layers, elements, or nodes within the model to further improve its technological and technical properties.

Keywords: fractal dimension, technological and performance characteristics of transport objects, multidimensional space, concept of interrelation between geometric parameters and qualitative properties of transport infrastructure objects.

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: FROM CONCEPT TO IMPLEMENTATION

Borys SEREDA — 2025-05-20

The article examines the environmental aspects of developing modern transport systems, focusing on sustainable development and the integration of eco-friendly technologies. Transportation is a major contributor to environmental pollution, making the reduction of emissions, improvement of energy efficiency, and minimization of climate impact critical tasks. The study aims to analyze the main approaches to creating environmentally efficient transport systems and identify the key factors influencing their implementation.

The article provides a detailed overview of international initiatives aimed at utilizing green technologies in transportation, including the development of electric transport, the use of renewable energy sources, the creation of intelligent transport networks, and the promotion of cycling and pedestrian mobility. Successful project examples from Germany, the Netherlands, China, Sweden, and Ukraine are presented, offering potential models for other countries.

Additionally, the article analyzes the economic, social, and institutional challenges encountered in the process of implementing sustainable transport, including the lack of appropriate legislative initiatives, high costs for new technologies, and insufficient environmental awareness among the population. Special attention is given to the importance of cross-sectoral cooperation in achieving global decarbonization goals for transport. The article concludes with a forecast of the future development of eco-friendly transport and suggestions for future research and practical initiatives in this field.

Keywords: transport systems, sustainable development, green technologies, electric transport, renewable energy sources, intelligent transport systems (ITS)

INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF TRANSPORT BY OPTIMISING THE MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE OF COMPLEX LOGISTICS SCHEMES

Oleksandr SHARKO — 2025-05-20

A mathematical toolkit for modeling transportation processes under dynamic changes and conditions of uncertainty in the external environment has been developed. The informational analysis and synthesis of processes occurring in complex transportation and logistics systems, characterized by multifunctionality and a variety of structural relationship options, are presented. A classification of the main directions for integrating new information technologies into the management structure of complex transportation logistics systems has been proposed. The purpose and description of the structural components of the classification scheme provide a deeper understanding of their role in the overall system of integrated transportation logistics management. The modeling of management efficiency for transportation and logistics schemes has been performed, focusing on the distribution of cargo flows, volumes, routes, directions, and timing, depending on the dynamics of external stimuli and internal resource constraints, taking their uncertainty into account using sequential analysis and Markov chains. Mathematical models for optimizing transportation processes within complex logical schemes are considered. The ways and prospects for increasing the efficiency of multimodal transportation logistics schemes are outlined. Practical recommendations for applying specific mathematical models to complex transportation logistics systems are provided. It is shown that solving optimization problems for the management structure of complex logistics systems is most effectively achieved using structural and functional modeling based on quantitative and qualitative results with the help of computer models and algorithms. The optimization of the management structure of complex logistics systems aims to identify the most rational use of available resources to achieve predefined goals. This is its fundamental difference from traditional models and optimization problems under uncertainty and a lack of input information, where the enumeration of options is infinite. In contrast, the number of possible management options is strictly finite in the optimization of complex logistics management structures.

Keywords: optimization, modeling, transportation, logistics, management

THE INFLUENCE OF TIRE PRESSURE ON THE DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CAR AND RESISTANCE TO MOVEMENT

Yuriy ZYBTSEV — 2025-05-20

The main task of car tires is to provide the necessary grip characteristics. When the tire pressure is normal, the load at the point of contact of the tire with the road surface is distributed evenly and at the same time good controllability, maneuverability and optimal fuel consumption are ensured. The optimal pressure value for a specific car brand is determined not by the tire, but by the car manufacturer, because the same size can be mounted on different models of cars with different weights and other characteristics. Usually, information about the pressure recommended by the car manufacturer is indicated either in the technical documentation for the car, or on a plate that can be placed on the end of the driver's door, the side pillar on the driver's side, the fuel filler flap or in the glove compartment. There is the label indicates the level of cold working pressure for the front and rear wheels, the maximum load on the car and the recommended tire size. In addition, the pressure value can be affected by such factors as the weight of the car, the size of the tires, the distribution of the load inside the car and even the time of year. It should also be taken into account that the pressure can change with climate change. In summer, as the temperature rises, so does the pressure in the tires. For example, when the temperature rises to 25°C, it increases by about 0.8 bar. And if the load is full, the pressure will be even greater. That is why car manufacturers indicate the permissible pressure value for a loaded car. This is an extremely important parameter for ensuring safety, which cannot be ignored. In winter, when the air temperature drops, the pressure in the tires also drops by about 0.8 bar, which should also be taken into account when pumping up the tires. The rolling resistance coefficient f of Kleber Viaxer tires 175/70 R13 82T was estimated along the coasting path of a Lada-112 car. Increasing the air pressure by 0.05 MPa reduces f by 1.3%, decreasing the pressure by 0.05 MPa increases f by 1.7%.

Key words: tire, car, drag coefficient, friction force, acceleration, pressure, temperature.

EFFICIENCY OF DIFFERENT DRIVES AND TRANSMISSIONS

Yuriy ZYBTSEV — 2025-05-20

Based on the results of tests conducted by the independent Swedish research institute Rototest, this study provides a comprehensive statistical assessment of torque losses in automobile transmissions of various types and configurations. The analysis relies on an extensive dataset comprising over 600 vehicles produced between 1993 and 2010, including cars with manual and automatic transmissions and different types of drivetrain layouts (FWD, RWD, AWD). Measurements were obtained using hub-mounted dynamometers, which allow for direct torque evaluation at the wheel hubs and eliminate typical errors associated with traditional chassis dynamometers, such as tire slippage and rolling radius uncertainties.

The results show a noticeable difference in transmission efficiency depending on transmission type and production year. For mechanical transmissions, the average efficiency before 2004 is estimated at approximately 0.91, whereas for vehicles produced after 2005 it reaches up to 0.96—suggesting significant advancements in design precision, materials, and lubrication systems. Automatic transmissions, on the other hand, exhibit relatively stable efficiency levels around 0.89, with losses generally higher than in manual systems, regardless of drive layout.

The study also explores the modal and average values of power losses across different configurations, highlighting that front- and rear-wheel-drive vehicles with manual gearboxes exhibit lower losses compared to their automatic counterparts. Despite ongoing development in automatic systems, such as torque converter lock-up mechanisms and multi-speed designs, their efficiency gains remain limited in practice.

These findings emphasize the importance of statistically grounded, independent testing for evaluating drivetrain performance and provide valuable insights for manufacturers, engineers, and policymakers focused on improving vehicle energy efficiency.

Key words: transmission, car, manual transmission, automatic transmission, wheel, front wheel drive, rear wheel drive, full wheel drive.

Analysis of limit time intervals at unsignalized intersection with high rate of left-turning vehicles

Roman BOIKIV — 2025-05-20

The paper analyzes the main characteristics of traffic flow in the area of an unsignalized intersection and their influence on the formation of limit time intervals in the main direction, considering the share of left-turning vehicles. The intersection has a significant traffic volume on all approaches, as the national road H17 and the international highway M06 pass through it. The intersection is characterized by all permitted maneuvers, a high percentage of freight vehicles, and turning vehicles from the main road.

The study of traffic conditions and traffic flow parameters at the intersection found that the traffic volume on the main road at different times of the day is more than 1000 veh/h, and the share of left-turning vehicles ranges from 10 to 30%. Based on this, the duration of the limit time intervals in the traffic flow is determined in the main direction of the unsignalized intersection. It was found that after the increase in the volume of the direct traffic flow on the main road of the unsignalized intersection exceeds 700 veh/h, the maximum time interval begins to increase by more than 10 s. It has been found that with an increase in the share of left-turning vehicles from the main road, the duration of the limit time intervals at an unsignalized intersection in the traffic flow varies between 20-25 s. The analysis of time limits on the main road shows that safe traffic modes at an unsignalized intersection are affected by the distribution of traffic volumes by direction, traffic flow heterogeneity, and the share of left-turning vehicles.

The results of the research should be considered when improving existing traffic management schemes at unsignalized intersections. When determining the permitted directions of movement from the main road, it is necessary to take into account the patterns of change in intervals in the traffic flow, since under certain circumstances they may exceed critical values and create potential traffic hazards in the intersection area. Keywords: traffic flow, unregulated intersection, traffic intensity, lane, left-hand vehicles, limit interval of movement.

Keywords: traffic flow, unsignalized intersection, traffic volume, traffic lane, left-turning vehicles, limit time interval.

Analysis of the Off-Road Performance of a Vehicle Equipped with an Aero-Compensator

Andrii BOKHONKO — 2025-05-20

All types of vehicles must possess off-road capabilities, as any vehicle may encounter the need to leave a paved road, traverse damaged sections of roads, drive on dirt detours around repaired or constructed sections of roads and bridges, or travel in winter over uneven, snow-covered roads.

For vehicles that systematically operate under severe road conditions, off-road performance is of primary importance. These include, first and foremost, military medium- and light-duty trucks, small buses, passenger cars, and other vehicles used in rural or forested areas, as well as dump trucks used in the construction of large hydraulic structures, road construction, and other construction projects. The average driving speeds, productivity, and preservation of vehicle mechanisms largely depend on the off-road capabilities of these vehicles.

This article analyzes the dependence of wheel rolling resistance on the main parameters of the wheel and the soil. Graphical dependencies are constructed showing the rut depth, resistance force, and rolling resistance coefficient as functions of soil compaction and moisture for soft soils. An obstacle classification and analysis of vehicle off-road performance considering their profile properties are carried out. Key performance indicators of off-road capability are identified. Based on an analysis of the factors that improve off-road performance, it is established that vehicle mobility on rough terrain can be enhanced by reducing the vertical load on the support surface. This can be achieved by combining a wheeled propulsion system with an aero-compensator (a directional air fan). Preliminary calculations show that the difference in wheel load between a vehicle without an aero-compensator and one equipped with it is approximately 10–15%.

Keywords: vehicle off-road performance, wheel rolling resistance, vertical wheel load, vertical load aero-compensator, obstacle classification.

Features of modeling bevel gear wheels with circular tooth profile in 3d modeling software

Yurii BULIK — 2025-05-20

A methodology for designing bevel gears with circular tooth profiles in 3D CAD systems is presented. Due to the lack of built-in tools for creating such types of mechanisms on platforms such as Creo, NX, and Catia, a special approach to parametric modeling is proposed. The method is based on the construction of a spherical involute surface, which simplifies the mathematical description of the gear geometry and ensures high modeling accuracy. The use of parametric equations provides full associativity in the CAD environment, facilitating rapid design changes and integration into broader engineering systems. Special attention is paid to the step-by-step procedure for designing this type of gear in the Creo 3D modeling environment. This ensures the practical applicability and reproducibility of the method for engineering purposes. The developed approach is also well consistent with additive manufacturing processes, allowing the generated models to be directly used for 3D printing without further modifications. This significantly speeds up the prototyping and production process. The effectiveness of the methodology is proven through implementation in Creo and can be adapted for other types of gears, including helical, spiral and involute teeth. The need to automate the proposed construction process using UDF tools available in 3D CAD programs or API functions is indicated.

Key words: design, gear meshing, circular tooth, spherical involute, parameterization, assembly.

Review of modern vibroacoustic noise control methods for diesel engines with the aim of their further use in engine оperation simulation

Viktor BILICHENKO — 2025-05-20

This article examines the potential use of various vibroacoustic signals for fault detection in parametric diagnostics of internal combustion engines (ICE). A review of previous research indicates that most studies focus on identifying the type of fault but do not determine the root cause of the malfunction. Moreover, they do not provide a comprehensive description of the physical mechanisms responsible for noise and vibration generation during the diagnostic process.

This paper presents a brief description of the sound and vibration generation mechanisms that occur directly during the engine’s operation. These mechanisms, in turn, can be used as key parameters for diagnostics and assessing the technical condition of both individual components and the engine as a whole. A review of modern fault detection and diagnostic methods based on the vibroacoustic approach is provided. These methods analyze parameters such as noise and vibration, which are among the key indicators for this technique and yield more accurate and objective results compared to other widely accepted diagnostic methods.

The study describes various types of faults that can be detected using the vibroacoustic method and their direct impact on ICE performance. Given the need for rapid identification of fault type and nature, the data presented in this paper can serve as a basis for developing models, establishing necessary input parameters, and further simulating engine operation in the Ansys CAE environment. The mathematical analysis methods provided in the study define key parameters influencing diagnostic accuracy and, consequently, the effectiveness of defect detection, regardless of engine type, fuel type, or the presence of electrical components in the basic engine control system. This makes the proposed approach a universal and effective tool for solving diagnostic challenges.

Considering the wide variety of control systems and degrees of electrification in ICEs, the universality of the proposed method simplifies and addresses numerous technical issues. The analysis of noise and vibration conducted in this study plays a crucial role in determining the root cause of various faults. Due to technological clearances in component couplings, cyclic load variations in direction and application point, imbalance, and the lack of compensation for certain mechanical components, ICE components inherently generate noise and vibrations. Therefore, it is essential to identify the sources of these vibrations to prevent failures of individual components and the system as a whole.

Keywords: Diesel engine, modal analysis, engine acoustics, signal processing, diagnostics, simulation, durability, CAE systems.

Study of the influence of technological factors of honing with silicate bars on the surface roughness of automobile engine parts

Mykola VYNOGRADOV — 2025-05-20

Finishing methods of abrasive diamond processing, one of which is honing, play an important role in solving the problems of technological support of wear resistance of the surfaces of automobile engine parts. Therefore, the development of new, more advanced tool designs (honing heads, abrasive bars with more attractive characteristics) is currently underway, which will significantly improve the quality of the surfaces of parts and increase their service life and performance. The use of the latest abrasive materials makes honing an unchanging process in mechanical engineering, especially in the production of automotive engines.

This paper presents the results of studying the effect of the honing process duration, abrasive hardness and grit on the surface roughness parameter of the cylinder liner of an automobile engine.

It has been established that with an increase in honing time, the surface quality (Ra) improves both after processing with diamond, abrasive, and silicate bars. Stabilization of the formation of the final surface roughness of the cylinder liner occurs when honing for 2.0 minutes. An increase in the honing time with silicate bars does not affect the surface quality and amounts to Ra = 0.12 μm.

It is noted that the high quality of the surface after honing with silicate bars is due to the formation of amorphous silica (SiO₂) during honing, which, under the action of abrasive grains, falls into the depressions of the treated surface and adheres to the surface, thus saturating the treated surface with silicon oxide.

It was found that with an increase in the honing time with both diamond, abrasive and silicate bars, metal removal increases.

It was found that the metal removal after honing with silicate stones is 1.7-2 times less than after honing with diamond and abrasive stones.

It is proposed to use silicate stones with a green silicon carbide abrasive with a grain size of 40/28 for the finishing honing of automobile engine cylinder liners.

It is proposed to assign a diameter allowance for finishing honing with silicate honing bars with a 40/28-grit green silicon carbide abrasive within 0.01-0.015 mm.

Keywords: automobile engine, cylinder liner, honing, surface roughness, silicate block, diamond block, abrasive hardness, grain size, amorphous silica.

Integration of an Information-Software Complex into a Virtual Road-Transport Enterprise

Vladimir VOLKOV — 2025-05-20

The paper presents the design and integration of the information-software complex “IdenMonDiaOperCon HNADU-16” into a virtual road-transport enterprise intended for remote monitoring, diagnostics and forecasting of the technical state of small-size vehicle fleets. The complex fuses OBD-II diagnostics, GPS tracking and road-condition data delivered by the CarLife and Torque mobile modules into a relational database structured around the semantic key “time of data acquisition”. A morphological synthesis was applied to generate the system architecture comprising seven information clusters and sixty elements, thereby ensuring adaptability to diverse operating conditions. Field tests conducted on a 200 km route produced fuel-consumption and average-speed curves that revealed energy-efficient driving patterns. Implementation of the complex reduced fuel consumption by 8–10 %, shortened the time required to detect critical power-train failures and enabled condition-based maintenance scheduling—benefits of particular importance for private carriers running fleets of one to five vehicles. Scientific originality lies in combining a virtual organisational framework with multi-source monitoring algorithms centred on the temporal dimension, which secures coherent real-time data fusion. The obtained results can be employed in developing management systems for small transport enterprises and in deploying intelligent transport-system concepts within urban logistics.

Keywords: intelligent transport systems, vehicle monitoring, diagnostics, telematics, database, OBD-II, virtual enterprise.

Search for optimal solutions in heterogeneous dynamic road transport systems

Mykola HANDZIUK — 2025-05-20

The task of increasing the efficiency of road freight transportation is of particular relevance in modern economic conditions, which are defined as dynamically unstable and with a high degree of uncertainty in information situations of forecasting the development of the industry. A key element in the organization of the transport process of road freight transportation is the routing of rolling stock as a set of procedures for selecting the optimal characteristics of the route of movement, which determine the effectiveness of their organization in operational planning of transportation.

The routing task becomes especially relevant when the distribution of cargo flows is multivariate and multifaceted in dynamically changing conditions. In this case, the task of optimal routing can be solved only on the basis of the development of a specialized mathematical apparatus - an analytical tool for making effective decisions.

Therefore, it can be argued that the problem of optimizing routing processes in a dynamically changing environment, which is in demand in practice, is one that requires a systematic solution in dynamically changing conditions of operational planning of road freight transportation. This will allow for a systematic management of commercial operation of rolling stock of freight transport enterprises, taking into account dynamically changing criteria and factors.

Keywords: operational planning, heterogeneous dynamic transport system (HDTS), freight road transportation (FRT), routing, multi-criteria optimization, intelligent transport systems, mathematical modeling, DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method, efficiency, information uncertainty, digital control algorithms.

Problem aspects and directions for improvement of passenger transportation

Viktor GLYNIANYI — 2025-05-20

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of passenger transportation in Ukraine, focusing on key problems that hinder the effective development of this industry. In particular, it examines in detail such problems as outdated material and technical base and infrastructure, which significantly limits the possibilities of ensuring safe, comfortable and fast transportation of the population. Deterioration of rolling stock, insufficient level of comfort and service, lack of proper conditions for people with disabilities are factors that negatively affect the level of satisfaction of users of transport services.

The work identifies strategic directions for improving the passenger transportation system in Ukraine. In particular, it substantiates the feasibility of implementing innovative logistics solutions that provide for the digitalization of transportation processes, automation of document flow, and the creation of a single platform for booking, payment and monitoring of transport services. It is proposed to develop a network of marketing and logistics centers, which will allow optimizing route planning, ensuring convenient connection of different types of transport, organizing interregional and international transportation at a qualitatively new level.

The article also proposes a number of practical measures aimed at increasing the competitiveness of transport enterprises, in particular, updating rolling stock, introducing loyalty systems for passengers, improving the system of training and retraining of personnel, and introducing environmentally friendly types of transport. It is determined that the sustainable development of passenger transportation in Ukraine is possible only under the condition of active interaction of the state, business and the public, as well as an integrated approach to the modernization of the transport system in the conditions of modern economic, social and technological challenges.

Keywords: passenger transportation, transport logistics, quality of service, innovation, digitalization, strategic management, competitiveness, infrastructure.

Improving the Efficiency of Road Transport Management Based on the Assessment of its Reliability and Quality

Valerii DEMBITSKYI — 2025-05-20

The article considers theoretical and applied aspects of assessing the feasibility of further operation of vehicles that have lost part of their technical resource due to prolonged operation. Particular attention is paid to the problem of making informed decisions on the continuation of use or write-off of transport units, taking into account both technical condition and economic feasibility. In the context of the increase in the cost of new vehicles, the increase in prices for maintenance and repair, as well as the need to optimize fleet management costs, the relevance of this study is due to the need for a systematic approach to assessing the efficiency of operation of transport that has already partially exhausted its resource.

Within the framework of the study, a structure of the methodology for assessing the residual resource of vehicles was proposed, taking into account technical and economic indicators. Key parameters that influence decision-making were identified, in particular indicators of reliability, intensity of operation and the coefficient of technical readiness. A mathematical model was generalized, which allows for a formal assessment of the feasibility of further operation of a particular vehicle, taking into account real operational data, as well as for predicting the efficiency of further use of the vehicle.

Prospects for further research are outlined, including taking into account external operating factors, adapting the model to different types of vehicles, using artificial intelligence and machine learning methods to increase the accuracy of forecasts of technical condition and operational efficiency. The study has practical value for transport logistics entities, fleet managers, as well as scientists dealing with issues of the efficiency of technical operation of transport.

Keywords: operational feasibility, vehicles, technical resource, residual resource, technical and economic assessment, efficiency of use, wear, maintainability, fleet management, mathematical model, decision-making, transport logistics.

To the analysis of a new method for diagnosing shock absorbers in the suspension of a car

Oleksandr DITYATYEV — 2025-05-20

The most important operational properties of a car include safety, which is realized through stability, controllability, and reliability of tire contact with the road. During operation, the shock absorber parameters deteriorate with age, reducing safety and comfort. This leads to the need to periodically monitor the condition of shock absorbers using diagnostic tools. Non-disassembly diagnostics is widely used, since assembly and disassembly work is very laborious and requires the use of special equipment and qualified specialists. Bench testing using excitation of the suspension with a periodic signal has gained the overwhelming advantage. However, when testing the suspension assembly, the shock absorber testing report contains information about other suspension components, for example, about the sprung mass and the stiffness (internal pressure) of the tire. In this case, it is not the shock absorber that is tested, but the suspension. Certain diagnostic methods to one degree or another reduce the negative impact of extraneous factors during the diagnosis of shock absorbers. New methods are proposed with advantages in productivity, accuracy of diagnosis, based on the theory of dynamics of mechanical systems, spectral processing of diagnostic information. In this work, a new method is analyzed by the method of simulation modeling - the peak selection method, also called the half-power method, the Calvo method in comparison with the existing one, implemented in the design stand of the MAXA EUROSYSTEM company. The analysis was carried out according to the criteria of dependence on the sprung mass, internal tire pressure, sensitivity.

Keywords: shock absorber diagnostics, methods, modeling, analysis, accuracy, extraneous factors.

Сonversion of a diesel engine to operate on propane-butane

Victor ZAKHARCHUK — 2025-05-20

The problem of reducing transportation costs by using cheaper motor fuel was addressed. Gaseous fuels (natural gas and propane-butane mixtures) are promising motor fuels. The technologies for converting gasoline engines to run on gaseous fuels have been well-developed for a long time. At the first stage of the work, the D-243 diesel engine was converted into a gas engine with spark ignition to operate on natural gas. The diesel fuel system was removed, ignition system components and gas fuel equipment were installed, and the engine's compression ratio was reduced to 12. Bench tests of the engine were conducted, during which its load and control characteristics were obtained. It was found that the power of the gas engine remained at the level of the base diesel engine, its equivalent fuel consumption was up to 19% higher due to operation on richer mixtures, and the total toxicity of exhaust gases was almost twice as low compared to the diesel engine. However, natural gas has several significant drawbacks. Therefore, the engine was converted to operate on propane-butane mixtures. An analysis of gaseous fuel properties showed that propane-butane has lower detonation resistance compared to natural gas. The knock sensor signal recording confirmed the presence of detonation during engine acceleration under load. Based on engine cycle calculations, a compression ratio of 11 was selected. The compression ratio was reduced by installing a thicker metal gasket between two standard metal-asbestos gaskets. Bench tests of the engine running on propane-butane showed an increase in equivalent fuel consumption compared to operation on natural gas and diesel fuel. This is explained by the engine running on richer air-fuel mixtures. The power remained at the level of the base diesel engine.

Keywords: diesel, gas engine, spark ignition, natural gas, propane-butane.

The Ukrainian Hybrid Car Market

Volodymyr KYSHCHUN — 2025-05-20

The growing number of vehicles equipped with electric powertrains is part of the global trend toward environmentally friendly transportation, as such vehicles are considered one of the most effective ways to reduce environmental pollution.

The transition of Ukraine’s vehicle fleet to electric and hybrid cars is one of the state's pressing tasks, given that electricity is rightly regarded as a readily available alternative energy source. The more such vehicles are introduced into the country, the less Ukraine will depend on fuel imports.

Today, the media and other sources of information offer the following designations for vehicles equipped with different electric propulsion systems: NEV, EV, BEV, HEV, PHEV, MHEV, FHEV, EREV and FCEV. The paper explains these abbreviations and provides brief characteristics of the cars.

The classification of an electric vehicle as a particular type is reflected in the Customs Code of Ukraine by assigning it a UKTZED (Ukrainian Classification of Goods for Foreign Economic Activity) code. This, accordingly, affects the number of payments when importing vehicles into the customs territory of Ukraine, in particular, the code 8703 80 10 10 is used for BEVs and the code 8703 80 10 90 for EREVs. Fiscal factors have a significant impact on the domestic passenger car market, as demonstrated by the analysis of the last decade.

As the popularity of hybrid cars grows, countries with a high level of motorisation are taking measures to increase their number, including through government incentives. This is rarely seen in Ukrainian legislation, while the domestic fleet of hybrid cars has more than tripled over the past 5 years: from 29.2 thousand units in 2020 to 98.1 thousand in 2024.

Ukrainian consumers' preferences for car powertrains have changed significantly. In 2024, electric vehicles and hybrids, including EREVs, accounted for 33% of the new car market, displacing passenger cars with petrol and diesel engines. However, given the current interest of global automakers in expanding their model range with vehicles with an extended range, as well as changes to the Customs Code of Ukraine, this type of electric vehicle may grow in popularity in the domestic market by the end of the decade.

Keywords: electric vehicle, hybrid car, EREV, hybrid market and fleet, statistics, Customs Code, excise duty.

Security of transport activities and analysis of the efficiency of personal electric transport through inclusion into the unified transport system of Ukraine

Svitlana KOZAK — 2025-05-20

Ukraine, cooperating with international projects financed by the World Bank, is actively pursuing a policy aimed at integration into the global economic space. This political course creates economic and political prerequisites that require deepening international ties and increasing trade volumes, which ultimately leads to an increase in the intensity of passenger and cargo flows, which contributes to the development of Ukraine in the transport sector. Ukraine's aspiration to integrate into the global economic space requires ensuring the effective functioning of the unified transport system of the state, clear legal certainty and clarity of legal regulation of the transport sector, especially in terms of ensuring road safety. Along with this, there are currently a number of legal problems, which are discussed in this study. Transport is an intermediate link between the creation of products by the manufacturer and their delivery to the consumer, establishing relations between the manufacturer and various sectors of the economy to establish demand for a particular product, moving cargo and carrying out passenger transportation. The role of the transport system in the context of the economic development of the state can be defined as key. Without the proper development of the transport system in Ukraine, the effective functioning of all types of transport, and the provision of quality transport services, stabilization and positive dynamics in the economy are impossible.

Keywords: transport safety, efficiency, electric transport, unified transport system of Ukraine

Optimal Approximation Method for Diesel Engine External Speed Characteristics

Oleksii KORPACH — 2025-05-20

This article focuses on selecting an optimal approximation method for the external speed characteristics of diesel engines, a critical step in mathematical modeling for evaluating vehicle performance parameters.

An analysis of modern turbocharged diesel engines with electronic fuel injection systems has shown that they exhibit a constant torque region over a wide range of crankshaft angular velocities. This feature complicates their analytical representation and necessitates the selection of an appropriate approximation method.

Various approximation techniques were examined, including polynomial approximation using Lagrange interpolation and the least squares method, as well as piecewise linear approximation. It was found that polynomial methods provide high accuracy only for torque curves with a smooth increase, peak, and subsequent decline. However, for diesel engines with a constant torque region, these methods introduce significant errors. Increasing the polynomial degree improves accuracy to some extent, but even sixth-degree polynomials fail to accurately capture the constant torque region, introducing artificial oscillations and local extrema.

Results indicate that piecewise linear approximation effectively reconstructs the external speed characteristics of diesel engines with a constant torque region. For the Volkswagen CAYD diesel engine, segmenting the angular velocity range into five sections provided the highest accuracy. Reducing the number of segments to three slightly decreased accuracy but still outperformed sixth-degree polynomial approximation using the least squares method.

Consequently, piecewise linear approximation is identified as the most suitable method for approximating the external speed characteristics of diesel engines with a constant torque region.

Keywords: diesel engine, external speed characteristics, approximation, polynomial approximation, piecewise linear approximation, mathematical modeling.

Formation of the brake and differential drive scheme of the mono-block body of a three-axle bus

Lubomyr KRAYNYK — 2025-05-20

The primary tasks that arise during the development of the braking system of a bus and other vehicles are to form the structure of the braking system. For three-axle buses with a monoblock body, the problem is to determine the optimal circuit scheme from all possible options in order to ensure stability, safety and braking efficiency in various operating conditions in compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents, in particular UNECE Regulations No. 13. The dynamics of redistribution of loads on the axles during braking plays a decisive role, which is accompanied by a change in the position of the center of mass and the trim of the bus body, which affects the braking efficiency, stability and controllability of the vehicle. An additional factor is the uneven distribution of loads on the bus axles, the middle axle is the driving one with dual tires with the highest load, and the front and rear axles – with single tires and almost half the loads. Regulatory requirements apply to both the nominal and curb weights of the bus, which differ significantly from the conditions of axle loads and the center of mass. The kinematics of the guide rods of the bus air suspension also have a significant impact on the dynamics of load redistribution.

The issue of approaching the coordinates of the center of the body trim (to the reduced center of mass of the body) from the conditions of the air suspension kinematics and the circuit diagram of the working brake system has been studied.

Keywords: bus, three-axle, brake system, body trim, pneumatic circuit, load redistribution, braking.

Review of the application of air power systems in transport

Sviatoslav KRYSTOPA — 2025-05-20

The possibilities of using compressed air-based energy systems in power drives of motor vehicles are analyzed. The advantages and limitations of pneumatic systems compared to traditional hydraulic and electromechanical drives are analyzed. The main technical parameters that affect the efficiency of such systems are determined, in particular the level of energy consumption, energy losses and reliability of operation under increased loads. The prospects for implementing modern technologies for accumulating and regulating compressed air to increase the productivity and environmental safety of equipment are considered. Ways of optimizing systems are proposed that will contribute to reducing operating costs and increasing the energy efficiency of vehicles. It is established that compressed air-based energy systems can be used as the main source of power without emissions or as an auxiliary power unit in motor vehicles, ensuring zero carbon emissions and improved overall energy efficiency of integrated design solutions. The article presents a detailed technological development of compressed air-based power systems, summarizes the research on power units operating on this technology in the transport sector. Special attention is paid to the development of new technologies, prototyping and integration of pneumatic systems. In addition, hybrid technologies based on compressed air, which use various methods of pneumatic hybridization, are considered in detail, which allows better use of their advantages and limitations. The prospects and challenges of implementing compressed air-based technologies in power drives of road transport are discussed. It is expected that the modernization of power systems in this sector will contribute to technological development and the implementation of environmentally friendly solutions without emissions in transport.

Keywords: road transport, air technologies, pneumatic systems, compressed air, hybrid power drives, energy efficiency

Radio technical diagnostics of a car

Nadiia KYTS — 2025-05-20

This article provides a brief analysis of the scientific field of “Radio Technical Diagnostics of a Car”. Automotive radio diagnostics is a method of technical control of automotive systems and components based on the use of radio waves (radio signals) to detect malfunctions, defects or changes in the physical properties of materials without disassembling or dismantling them. Operating thermal and electric motors are sources of intense electromagnetic radiation in the radio range. This radiation is modulated in frequency and amplitude by both internal processes of radio radiation generation and external influences. Using integral, spectral and correlation processing of a complex radio signal, it is possible to determine the main parameters of engine operation, the magnitude of internal friction and the nature of external influences on a moving vehicle. This makes it possible to assess the possibility of further use of the vehicle and to carry out its optimal management.

Thermal and electric motors, which are widely used in all types of transportation, are sources of intense electromagnetic radiation in the radio range. This radiation is modulated in frequency and amplitude. Modulation is caused by both internal processes of radio signal formation and external influences.

Integral, spectral, and correlation processing of the radio signal makes it possible to determine the main parameters of engine operation, the amount of internal friction, and the nature of external influences on the vehicle while driving. This, in turn, makes it possible to assess the feasibility of further operation of the vehicle and ensure its efficient management.

Key words: transport, engine, radio radiation, technical diagnostics, radio signal

Improvement of the method of checking the channels for measuring the braking parameters of vehicles on the inertial roller stand

Ihor МАРМУТ — 2025-05-21

In the conditions of a stable trend, the increase in the number of rolling stocks, primarily due to the passenger cars of individual owners, will require increased attention to the control of technical condition in the future. This applies to car systems that affect road safety. The key of such systems is the braking system. A qualitative check of the technical condition can be carried out with the help of tools (stands). In operational diagnostics, power stands for diagnosing braking systems are the most common. As various studies show, more reliable information about the condition of the braking system can be obtained with the help of inertial roller stands.

Also, such equipment can be used in conducting research. This is due to the fact that the inertial method of diagnosing the brake system allows simulating the actual temperature and speed regimes of the brake system. Therefore, the issue of creating high-quality diagnostic equipment is urgent.

Another argument for using the inertial method of checking braking systems on high-speed stands is the possibility of fully checking modern braking systems that are equipped with ABS.

The inertial roller stand has other principles of implementation and structure of the measuring system. An important principle for the measuring system is to ensure the necessary accuracy of registration of diagnostic parameters. It is also determined by the requirements of the relevant standards for such equipment. The metrological characteristics of the measuring system of the roller stand are determined by the type of the primary sensor. In addition, an important aspect is the issue of periodic metrological certification of measuring equipment.

The article examines the methods of checking the channels of the measuring system of the inertial roller stand, which was created at the KhNAНU at the department of technical operation and service of cars named after Govorushchenko M.Ya. and is part of a mobile car diagnostic station. The main parameters characterizing the condition of the braking system are permanent deceleration, activation time, braking distance, and the time of activation of the device for pressing the brake pedal.

The developed methods of metrological inspection of the channels of the measuring system allow for the development of a program of periodic inspection of measuring equipment by standardization bodies.

Keywords: roller stand, braking system, permanent deceleration, activation time, braking distance, metrological control.

Innovative technologies: blockchain and artificial intelligence in logistics and road transport

Ruslana MELNYK — 2025-05-21

The article examines the application of blockchain technology in the field of logistics and supply chain management, and we will also get acquainted with the main global trends in this field. Blockchain technology is an innovative technology that allows you to create reliable and transparent systems for recording, storing and transmitting information. In logistics and supply chain management, since the integration of key business processes requires reliable information support. Blockchain can provide such support, ensuring transparency and monitoring of current information.

The purpose of the article is to study and analyze the application of blockchain technology in the field of logistics and road transportation, since these innovative technologies are able to optimize and improve processes in supply chains, as well as in freight management, including increasing the efficiency of logistics operations.

The article also examines in detail examples of the application of blockchain technology in leading companies, including retail, and provides the main advantages. Thus, it is concluded that blockchain technologies have great potential for the digitalization of logistics and supply chain management, which ensure reliability, transparency and efficiency of interaction between various participants in the supply chain, as well as increase the trust of buyers in the process of purchasing and delivering goods.

Keywords: supply, blockchain technology, artificial intelligence, logistics, road transportation, information transfer, digitalization.

Determination of the power of a hydraulic-driven single-piston mortar pump with a combined compensator of increased volume

Vadym MYKHAYLIK — 2025-05-21

The analysis of modern pumps indicates the search for ways to improve and simplify their designs in order to ensure high levels of technical indicators: mechanical efficiency, volumetric efficiency of the supply level, as well as a low level of pressure and supply pulsations, reduced energy consumption indicators depending on the design parameters of their reliability during the transportation of building solutions.

Therefore, the main directions of development of new designs of mortar pumps have been determined and a new design of a single-piston mortar pump with a combined compensator of increased volume has been proposed. The use of a hydraulic drive in a mortar pump is relevant and has a number of advantages over an electromechanical one. The advantages of using a hydraulic drive are: a constant speed of the working body, which will positively affect the reduction of return losses through the suction and discharge valves by stabilizing their speed of lifting and lowering, especially when pumping mortars of reduced mobility P 7-9 cm; a constant speed of movement of the mortar in the hydraulic part of the pump during feeding will minimize the level of pulsations of the mortar pressure; it is possible to ensure smooth regulation of the mortar supply during the operation of the mortar pump, which will contribute to the quality of finishing works; the use of the mortar pump in combination with hydraulically driven plastering stations or kits. These advantages will significantly increase the technical and economic indicators of using a hydraulic drive in mortar pumps both separately and as part of plastering units.

The presented work considers theoretical studies of energy consumption of single-piston mortar pumps with electromechanical and hydraulic drives. A comparative analysis of costs depending on the law of motion of the working body, the influence of the compensating device on the stabilization of the degree of pressure pulsations and types of mortar pump drives, as well as the influence of hydrodynamic pressure based on the Bernoulli law, is carried out.

The mechanisms of influence of hydrodynamic pressure in the hydraulic part of the mortar pump, which directly affect energy consumption, are established.

Key words: single-piston mortar pump with a combined compensator of increased volume, hydraulic drive, electromechanical drive, suction chamber, suction and discharge valves, volumetric efficiency, degree of pressure pulsations, mortar mobility.

Analysis of Research on Pneumatic Automotive Engines

Bohdan MOKRIAK — 2025-05-21

Compressed air is already being actively used in various types of energy systems: for turbocharging internal combustion engines, in hybrid energy systems under partial engine operating conditions, in integrated installations with variable operating cycles combining an internal combustion engine (ICE) and a pneumatic engine where only compressed air is used. In such systems, exhaust air with residual pressure can be reused in other cylinders or stored in tanks for further use. Air can be stored under very high pressure without loss, even over a long period. Compressed air is the most stable source of energy. It is not dependent on temperature changes or weather conditions. Once compressed, air can be used at any moment without pressure loss.

The disadvantages of pneumatic vehicles have been identified. In particular, even under high pressure conditions, compressed air contains significantly less energy compared to other energy sources for transportation, such as liquid or gaseous fuels and batteries. The low energy density of compressed air is a significant obstacle that may lead to low dynamic performance of the engine or vehicle. To ensure continuous compressed air supply during operation, engine power or vehicle speed must be limited. Moreover, the air storage tanks must have a large volume to hold a sufficient amount of compressed air, which complicates the spatial layout of the vehicle.

A pneumatic transmission is proposed, consisting of a pneumatic actuator and an electric control and supply unit. The electric unit (battery and controller) is used to power the compressor and control the compressed air supply valve. The pneumatic actuator forms the working medium (compressed air) and delivers it to the vane-type actuator motor.

Keywords: pneumatic vehicles, compressed air, pneumatic transmission, vane motor, rotary vane engine.

Determination of the minimum effective productivity of borehole hydraulic monitoring equipment for the extraction of low-strength iron ores

Yurii MONASTYRSKYI — 2025-05-21

When developing technical specifications for technological equipment designed for borehole hydraulic monitoring extraction of high-grade, low-strength iron ores in mines, it is essential to understand the equipment parameters that must be maintained during operation. Using borehole hydraulic fragmentation compared to explosive methods will reduce harmful atmospheric emissions within mines, allow for the reuse of mine water for ore fragmentation, and, under certain conditions, could be more effective than explosive techniques. Based on an energetic cost comparison of explosive and hydraulic fragmentation methods, the study identifies productivity thresholds above which hydraulic monitoring fragmentation is preferable. The patterns have been established under conditions of large-scale ore blasting, where the consumption of explosives is minimized. These patterns relate to the specific consumption rates of four different types of explosives used in iron ore mines. The cost of explosives has a linear impact on the efficiency of hydraulic monitor ore breakage. Even at equal specific consumption levels of different explosive types, the difference in hydraulic monitor productivity can reach up to a factor of two. When the specific consumption of a single explosive type increases from 0,2 kg/ton to 0,6 kg/ton, the productivity of hydraulic monitor breakage decreases by a factor of 2,8. The minimum effective hydraulic monitor productivity of 3 tons per hour is achieved at a specific consumption of Aquanite of 0,6 kg/ton. Mine drainage pumps CNS-38-220 and CNS-60-330 are proposed as energy equipment, and their effective operational productivity limits for ore fragmentation have been established. For martite ores with a strength coefficient between 1 and 2, the required productivity levels for hydraulic fragmentation are 10 tons per hour when using pump CNS-38-220, and 20 tons per hour when using pump CNS-60-330. The introduction of downhole hydraulic monitoring fracturing in deep iron ore mines in Ukraine will allow the use of natural water inflow from the ore massif as a technological tool for performing one of the main processes of underground mining operations - breaking.Keywords: borehole hydraulic monitor, ore fragmentation, parameters, productivity, iron ore, explosives.

Implementation of green logistics principles in the transport and logistics activities of enterprises

Viktoriia NYKONCHUK — 2025-05-21

The article thoroughly examines the main conceptual approaches to implementing green logistics in transport and logistics processes, with an emphasis on the need to reduce the environmental impact. Key aspects such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, decreasing energy consumption, and utilizing cutting-edge technologies to achieve efficient management of logistics flows are discussed. Special attention is given to the optimization of transportation routes and the selection of eco-friendly modes of transport, which help lower air pollution levels and reduce environmental strain. At the same time, the article explores various types of transportation based on alternative energy sources, particularly electric and hydrogen vehicles, which are becoming increasingly relevant in the context of climate change and global environmental initiatives.

The article also discusses in detail the economic benefits and challenges for businesses that seek to integrate green technologies into their operations. Companies that transition to sustainable development benefit not only from reduced energy costs but also from enhanced competitiveness in the market due to their environmentally friendly image. However, the authors note certain difficulties, such as the high initial investments that may be required to modernize transport and infrastructure, as well as the underdevelopment of environmental infrastructure in some regions. Given these challenges, the article offers practical recommendations for businesses looking to implement green logistics strategies, particularly regarding the adoption of innovative solutions in transportation, storage, and freight handling. Additionally, the importance of developing infrastructure for eco-friendly vehicles and increasing public awareness about the significance of sustainable development in the logistics sector is emphasized.

Keywords: green logistics, environmental sustainability, principles of green logistics, transport and logistics system, ecological technologies, logistics digitalization

On Determining the Stability of an M1-Category Vehicle with an O2-Category Trailer During Braking

Vasyl ONYSHCHUK — 2025-05-21

The paper investigates the braking stability of an M1–O2 road train composed of a light commercial van (Mercedes-Benz T1N Sprinter) towing a dual-axle trailer (ПВБФ 15). Particular attention is paid to how the simultaneous action of axle-side brake-force non-uniformity, trailer payload and the vertical position of the combined centre of gravity (CoG) affects both deceleration efficiency and directional safety. A coupled, non-linear six-degree-of-freedom model of the articulated combination was solved numerically; the brake forces on each wheel were varied parametrically so that the imbalance coefficient kₙ covered the range 0.50–1.00. Three performance criteria were adopted: braking distance Sᵦ, mean deceleration jₓ and the stability coefficient ηᵧᵢ, defined as the ratio of the lane width required for stable braking to the statutory limit.

The simulation demonstrates that the UNECE R-13 requirement of j ≥ 6 m s⁻² at an initial speed of 60 km h⁻¹ is met only when the trailer-axle imbalance does not exceed kₙ = 0.82. Global loss of stability is governed by the towing vehicle: it becomes laterally unstable at kₙ ≈ 0.70, whereas the trailer retains stability down to kₙ = 0.53. Raising the trailer payload from 0.6 t to 2.8 t improves ηᵧᵢ by 12–18 %, while increasing the relative CoG height from 0.35 to 0.50 halves stability.

Scientific novelty lies in the integrated assessment of simultaneous axle-side brake-force imbalance and mass-distribution parameters, which yields a more realistic forecast of road-train behaviour in emergency braking. The practical value consists in formulating admissible imbalance limits and cargo-placement guidelines that can be incorporated into maintenance regulations, driver-assist warnings and onboard monitoring algorithms.

Keywords: road train; braking stability; brake-force imbalance; directional stability; centre of gravity; payload distribution; mathematical modelling.

Research and comparative analysis of the labor intensifiedness and costs of operations for Toyota Rav4 2.0 AWD and Toyota Rav4 hybrid AWD crossovers in service shop conditions

Oleksandr ORISENKO — 2025-05-21

The paper proposes the determination of the labor intensity of maintenance of cars (crossovers) with different design concepts of the same model class using the methods of determining the labor intensity of maintenance and a comparative analysis of the labor intensity for the development prospects of the introduction of innovative cars using the latest technologies was conducted.

To solve the problems set, the following were used: mathematical methods, methods of applied mechanics, basic provisions for determining the reliability of cars, statistical processing of collected experimental data, computer programming and logical analysis of the problem.

The research was conducted using technical indicators of cars, a list of operations for maintenance of cars, standard time for maintenance operations (diagnostic, servicing operations), statistical data for maintenance, recommendations of service station technical personnel.

The validity and establishment of new provisions, analysis, presentation of conclusions and recommendations in scientific and practical work is ensured by the application of the laws of mathematical statistics, classical mechanics, the specifics of the problem statement, and the use of mathematical methods. The reliability of scientific and practical results of the work is due to the use of proven research methods, the adequacy of mathematical models, a reasonable choice of equipment, technical means, diagnostic, control and measuring equipment and processing of experimental data using experimental research planning methods and mathematical statistics. The adequacy of analytical studies was compared with the results of numerical calculations with the results of analytical research data in real industrial conditions, including modes of maintenance operations, as well as various technical solutions.

Key words: maintenance, labor intensity of maintenance, , crossovers, maintenance frequency adjustment coefficient, maintenance cost, special diagnostic devices.

Innovative approaches to agriculture: automation and robotisation of machine tractor units for optimization of costs and conservation of soils

Yurii PETRIUK — 2025-05-21

The modern agricultural sector of Ukraine needs equipment that will meet the requirements of precision farming and work effectively in specific conditions. The problems associated with outdated equipment and the high cost of imported equipment encourage the search for new solutions to create competitive Ukrainian products. Traditional methods of land cultivation are no longer able to meet the requirements of modern agricultural production, therefore automation and robotization of machine-tractor units are becoming necessary to optimize costs and preserve soil fertility.

The purpose of this study is to analyze modern approaches to automation and robotization of agricultural machinery, as well as to determine the possibilities of their implementation in domestic production.

To achieve this goal, the methods of analysis of literary sources, comparison of existing models of technology, as well as the method of expert evaluation were applied. Special attention is paid to the study of the results of previous research on the automation and robotization of agricultural equipment in order to determine the most promising directions for adaptation in Ukraine.

The results showed that there is a significant potential for the development of Ukrainian agricultural machinery focused on automation. The implementation of modern management technologies, including robotic systems and navigation, can significantly increase productivity, reduce costs and improve adaptability to agricultural production conditions. According to the conclusions, the introduction of technological innovations in the production of Ukrainian agricultural machinery will open the way to increasing the competitiveness of the industry. This will allow farmers to get modern and affordable equipment that will meet the high requirements of agribusiness

Key words: agricultural machinery, technical and technological support, productivity, economic effect, cost optimization, preservation of soil fertility.

Energy efficiency assessment of modern road trains for international freight transportation

Vsevolod PRYKHODKO — 2025-05-21

The paper proposes an original modeling procedure and an improved statistical evaluation methodology for parameters characterizing the performance efficiency of the "engine – transmission" energy system of modern road trains Volvo FM and Freightliner Cascadia used in international freight transportation, equipped with Volvo D13 and Detroit DD15 diesel engines. The methodology is developed in accordance with current international standards for freight transport, particularly regarding environmental sustainability, fuel efficiency, stability of technical characteristics, and economic feasibility.

The evaluation of the "engine – transmission" system efficiency is based on a comprehensive analysis of influencing factors, which enables a deeper understanding of the relationship between vehicle operating parameters and energy consumption during operation on international routes. The analytical hierarchy process and adapted statistical tools are employed to ensure the validity of conclusions and the practical applicability of the methodology. Special attention is given to identifying the most significant factors that affect the overall energy efficiency of road trains.

The theoretical foundation of the study is built upon the works of prominent researchers in the field of transport technologies and logistics, including Ihor Vikovych, Volodymyr Volkov, Petro Hashchuk, Heorhiy Prokudin, Anatolii Lebedev, Ihor Murovanyi, Volodymyr Sakhno, Mykhailo Podryhalo, Ramazan Khabutdinov, and others. The proposed results may prove useful for enhancing the efficiency of international freight transport, reducing fuel consumption, and improving the technical policy of motor transport enterprises.

Keywords: road train, diesel engine, transmission, energy efficiency, international transportation, freight, analytic hierarchy process.

Control of the technical condition of vehicles through analysis of information from on-board diagnostics during operation

Yuri SAVIN — 2025-05-21

The increase in the average age of the rolling stock of motor transport enterprises requires clear control over its technical condition. The development of forecasting methods based on the information collected from on-board diagnostics is a promising way to solve a cluster of problems to eliminate unplanned repairs and downtime of vehicles.

The practice of updating the rolling stock by purchasing vehicles with less mileage than the vehicles available at the enterprise is widespread. The history of the vehicle and primary diagnostic files may be unavailable. In this case, complete information about the condition of the truck that is proposed to be purchased allows you to make the right management decision. On-board diagnostics of modern MAN, DAF, Volvo, Scania, Mercedes, Renault and Iveco vehicles record more than 360 parameters of the operation of various systems. Among these parameters, you can select important ones for analysis and accumulation of data in order to predict future failures. The practice of solving the problem under consideration already exists and is being developed, but is not yet possible for most of the outdated vehicles and accessible to the general public of transportation market participants.

With a detailed review of the fuel system operating parameters, it is possible to record the prerequisites for the occurrence of a failure, which affects the development of the required power by the car and maintaining a given speed. The state of boost pressure is also always of interest to diagnostic specialists. Information is collected on a number of important parameters from the turbocharger.

Temperature and gas composition indicators are recorded from the exhaust gas system. This provides important information about the condition of the engine and the processes occurring during its operation. By analyzing the pressure and temperature of technical fluids, it is possible to prevent high-cost repair work.

Key words: gradual failure, diagnostic parameters, computer diagnostics, freight transportation, auto scanner, technical condition prediction.

Mechanical properties of polyamides under dynamic loading

Elman SAFAROV — 2025-05-21

The development of modern technologies requires the use of new innovative materials. PA series polyamides, which belong to thermoplastic polymers, are widely used in structural elements of automobiles due to their strength, wear resistance, resistance to chemicals and heat resistance. The heat resistance of polyamide is extremely in demand in the engine compartment, where long-term operation at high temperatures is required from plastic. Glass-filled polyamides, which are close in properties to ceramics, are used in the production of sockets and switches. Isotropic shrinkage polyamides are used for precision casting in electronics. In this regard, there is a need to determine the dynamic mechanical characteristics of polyamides.

The following grades of polyamides were taken as objects of research: PA 610 (fuel and oil pipes (automotive industry), cable sheaths, sports equipment), PA 610-RM (parts requiring increased strength or heat resistance, insulation in electrical engineering, friction units with a low coefficient of friction), PA 6-LT-U1-RM (structural parts, gears, bearings, electrical housings, automotive components), PA66 - 2 (friction units, gears, terminal blocks, sockets), PA66-2RM (units with high mechanical load, parts with constant operation at elevated temperatures, insulating materials, guide bushings). PA6-LT-SVU2 (TU 6-05-211-1411-85), PA66-1-L-SV30(TU 6-05-211-1424-86).

This article describes the results of dynamic compression tests of polyamides.

Key words: polyamide, electrical materials, automotive transport, modern mechanical engineering, insulating materials, impulse loading, dynamic tests, tribotechnics.

To the Determination of Maneuverability of Articulated Buses with a Self-Steering Trailer Axle

Volodymyr SAKHNO — 2025-05-21

Buses play an important role in the public transport system and transport services around the world. This is the most common way of transporting people over short and medium distances in cities, as well as in most rural areas. To meet the needs of the population in transportation in large cities, the share of buses of a particularly large class should be at least 30%. For such buses, the main parameters of the purpose are passenger capacity, passenger exchange rate, acceleration dynamics, maximum speed, stability, controllability and maneuverability. Considering that an articulated bus (ABS) is a means of increased danger, when solving problems regarding the possibility of their operation, steps should be taken in the direction of theoretical studies of maneuverability and stability of movement. To determine maneuverability indicators, a refined mathematical model of plane-parallel movement of ABS with self-installing and steered trailer wheels was used.

According to the refined mathematical model of the plane-parallel motion of an articulated bus, it was established that a semi-trailer with a total length of 18.75 m with an unsteering trailer axle does not meet the requirements of regulatory documents for maneuverability (B_g=7.349 m > [B_g=7.2 m]). At the same time, a semi-trailer with a self-installing trailer axle meets the maneuverability requirements only for a road train length of up to 20.0 m. When increasing the length of the semi-trailer to 22.0 m, which is permitted in Ukraine, it is necessary to use steered trailer links. Thus, with direct drive control to the trailer wheels, the semi-trailer meets the maneuverability requirements. Such buses can be competitive in comparison with three-link articulated buses.

Keywords: articulated bus, trailer, maneuverability, turning radius, clearance lane, self-installing axle, steered axle.

The Formation of the International Transportation Management Strategy Based on the Regularities of the Distribution of Logistics Indicators

Olha SVICHYNSKA — 2025-05-21

The article investigates the impact of statistical distribution patterns of key logistical parameters on the development of strategic management in international freight transportation. The relevance of this study is underscored by the increasing need for logistics companies to adapt to rapidly evolving global market conditions, particularly through the adoption of efficient, sustainable, and technology-oriented logistics solutions.

The paper addresses current challenges facing international logistics, such as fluctuating demand, environmental regulations, driver shortages, and infrastructure constraints. Special emphasis is placed on the role of logistics providers in enhancing the efficiency of international freight transportation. The study underscores the importance of integrating digital technologies, forecasting systems, data analytics, and artificial intelligence into logistics processes. It proposes a structured framework for analyzing the influence of critical factors – including transportation demand, shipment volumes, delivery costs, times, and distances – on logistics performance.

Using empirical data from a Ukrainian logistics company operating along the «Warsaw – Kyiv» and «Tomashiv – Kyiv» routes, the study conducts statistical analysis employing the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Pearson chi-square tests. The probability distribution models for each parameter were identified and statistically validated. These findings provide a foundation for developing predictive models, improving resource allocation, and optimizing logistics operations. The proposed approach contributes to enhancing the competitiveness of logistics enterprises and supports the implementation of sustainable development strategies.

Keywords: international freight transportation, logistics strategy, distribution of logistical parameters, statistical analysis, digital technologies, transportation optimization, artificial intelligence

Assessment of tire contact spot area on soil surfaces

Petro SYVULKA — 2025-05-21

The article presents a comparative analysis of known methods for calculating the contact patch of a pneumatic tire of wheeled vehicles and develops proposals for the conditions of interaction with deformable support surfaces. The classical assessment-calculation of the area of the contact patch of a tire with a support surface is based on a hard concrete surface - a 1 class road. However, in the agricultural and military sectors, soil surfaces dominate, which changes the contact area. A comparative analysis of the known 3 main methods for calculating the area of the contact patch is carried out - national (introduced in 1972) for general-purpose vehicles, European in the agricultural sector and WES - the method of NATO troops.

To take into account the change in the area of the tire contact patch on surfaces that deform with a significant variety of types and physical and mechanical characteristics, it is proposed to use the standard in the WES method - the indicator of soil hardness as a wheel support surface - the cone index CI (cone index), which is used for operational assessment of the patency and mobility of off-road vehicles. In addition to the load on the wheel, a significant role in the formation of the contact patch is played by the change in air pressure in the tire, which is also taken into account on the basis of generalized data on the corresponding change in the radial deformation of the tire.

Clarification of the change in the area of the tire contact patch for specific types and conditions of soils allows for a more correct agroecological assessment of wheeled tractors and vehicles in specific driving conditions.

Keywords: soil compaction, car, tractor, wheel, contact patch, specific pressure, soil hardness.

Optimization of tower crane operation using automated control systems

Volodymyr STEFANOV — 2025-05-21

The article discusses the process of optimizing the operation of a tower crane through the implementation of automated control systems. The main advantages of automation are analyzed, including improved crane efficiency, reduced risks of human errors, and decreased maintenance costs. Special attention is given to modern technologies that enable precise control of lifting and load-moving processes, as well as the integration of monitoring and equipment diagnostics systems. The implementation of such systems significantly improves productivity, ensures safety, and reduces the impact of the human factor on the operation of the tower crane.

The paper also examines the impact of the human factor on the performance of tower cranes and the potential for its reduction through the introduction of machine vision systems. The risks associated with human errors and their effect on safety and productivity are analyzed. The principles of operation of machine vision systems, their technical capabilities, and advantages in crane control automation are outlined, particularly for monitoring the work zone, determining safe load-moving trajectories, and minimizing collision risks. Methods for implementing these systems using cameras, sensors, and deep learning algorithms are discussed. The effectiveness of algorithms, such as convolutional neural networks (CNN), and the technical challenges arising from the integration of these technologies are explored. The results demonstrate that machine vision systems improve safety, reduce operator workload, and enhance crane operation efficiency.

The introduction of machine vision systems is an important step towards improving safety, increasing efficiency, and reducing the workload on operators during tower crane operations. Furthermore, these systems can define safe load-moving trajectories, minimizing the potential for collisions or damage.

Key words: tower crane, accidents, human factor, monitoring, machine vision, drowsiness, artificial intelligence, security system.

To determining the level of service of cargo transportation

Yevhen FORNALCHYK — 2025-05-21

Today, as at all times, the quality and efficiency of services, in this case, cargo transportation, are of paramount importance in the service sector. The criterion for the efficiency of using vehicles in cargo transportation is the timeliness of delivery while maintaining their quality indicators. Transportation is influenced by a many factors that affect the efficiency of transportation processes, including the type and quality of road surfaces, traffic volume, driver experience with specific psychophysiological properties, safe transportation speed, etc. The most insufficiently studied and substantiated are the terms of cargo delivery, which are directly related to the speed of the carrier on specific routes.

The authors used the speed of transportation, which directly affects the productivity of vehicles transporting goods with the respective load. The example of transportation productivity (in terms of transportation volumes) shows that the current methodology for determining it should be adjusted based on a reasonable transportation speed to assess service quality adequately.

Under the influence of the variable speed of vehicles on the route, the found productivity is lower than if it is assumed to be constant. Considering the declared approach, the productivity determined will more adequately assess the quality of cargo transportation services. This result indicates that this speed should be justified in the first place, as it is crucial for an adequate assessment of productivity and quality of service.

Keywords: cargo transportation, vehicle, speed of movement, quality of service, efficiency.

Efficiency of the city's street and road network, considering the impact of parked vehicles

Olga KHOLODOVA — 2025-05-21

Congestion on carriageways due to chaotic parking significantly reduces road capacity, causing congestion, increasing average vehicle delay times, and increasing the risk of road accidents.

The presence of parked cars limits the maneuverability of traffic flow, reduces the efficiency of road space use, and creates additional difficulties for public transport. To assess the impact of parking on traffic capacity, a methodology was used that found that parked vehicles can reduce the capacity of a road section by 2-14 times, depending on the parking angle.

Seven variants of traffic management with different parking schemes have been modelled, which has allowed to establish quantitative dependencies between the location of vehicles and the average traffic delay time. It is determined that the proposed variant of parking at an angle of 0° reduces the delay of one vehicle by 3.6 times, while a complete ban on parking reduces the delay by 5.6 times. All other options for the location of vehicles along the site are impractical due to a significant reduction in throughput.

Recommendations for optimizing the parking policy are proposed, including introducing intelligent parking management systems, zoning of parking spaces, and arranging dedicated lanes for public transport. The obtained results can be used to improve the transport situation in cities by improving traffic and parking.

Key words: street and road network, parking, stopping point, vehicle, capacity, traffic delay, efficiency, traffic management, modeling.

Theoretical justification of the results of passenger correspondence matrix generation using a random method

Xiaoxuan QIN — 2025-05-21

This article presents a theoretical justification for the results of generating passenger correspondence matrices using a random method. An analysis of the basic random method for forming the correspondence matrix has been conducted, in which a uniform distribution of random variables is used to determine correspondences. It has been established that this method ensures maximum randomness, which can be both an advantage (reflecting demand variability) and a disadvantage (lack of structure in the formed matrix). The methods for forming correspondence matrices are based on random variables, and their distributions differ significantly, affecting the results of transport modeling. An analytical expression for the distribution law of correspondences generated by the basic method has been derived, reflecting the relationship between the random capacities of transport zones and the resulting correspondences. The influence of the minimum capacity of transport zones on the distribution of values in the correspondence matrix has been determined. It has been found that this parameter does not have a strict theoretical description and can only be estimated empirically based on field observations and real transport demand data. The research results confirmed that the basic method of random generation of correspondence matrices leads to a monotonically decreasing distribution of correspondences, which should be considered when applying this approach. Additionally, the necessity of verifying the obtained models against real data to adjust generation parameters has been substantiated. Further research development involves the empirical determination of the characteristics of the minimum capacity of transport zones and the assessment of the effectiveness of a new method for the random generation of passenger correspondence matrices within the framework of the interval-based concept of transport demand modeling.

Key words: random variable, distribution law, passenger correspondence matrix, modelling, transport demand.

Application of the "wheel-road" system in road transportation

Vitaliy CHERNEGA — 2025-05-21

Road freight transport in rural areas plays a key role in the development of the agricultural sector, small businesses and social infrastructure. It is one of the main mechanisms for ensuring the livelihood of regions, as it allows for the rapid and efficient transport of goods, raw materials and products even to the most remote corners of the country.

Many rural areas lack developed rail or water logistics, which makes road transport the only available means of transportation. Due to the mobility and flexibility of routes, road freight transport ensures a stable supply of goods, contributes to economic development and improves the quality of life of rural residents.

Rural areas, due to their geographical and economic specifics, face a low problem in organizing effective road transport. While urbanized areas have developed transport operators and well-equipped roads, rural areas often remain isolated, with limited access to important infrastructure facilities. One of the effective approaches to solving this problem is the implementation of the “wheel-road” system, which allows organizing an integrated platform for monitoring and managing road transportation. This article focuses on methods of road transportation management to support “wheel-road” systems, in particular, on modern technologies and approaches to improving transport measures. The article considers the current problems of organizing road transportation in rural areas, taking into account difficult road conditions and limited infrastructure. An improved method of transportation management is proposed, based on the use of the “wheel-road” information and analytical system. The effectiveness of implementing an integrated approach is proven, which allows ensuring the stability of transport connections, reducing operating costs and increasing the level of transport safety.

Keywords: road transportation, rural areas, transport management, “wheel-road” system, road infrastructure, route optimization.