Research on the impact of the technical condition of diesel engine air intake system components on passenger car fuel consumption

Abstract

This article investigates the impact of the technical condition of air intake system components on the fuel economy of diesel-powered passenger cars. The correlation between the aerodynamic resistance of the intake system and changes in specific fuel consumption is substantiated. Based on experimental data, the authors analyzed the consequences of operational air filter clogging and the loss of intake pipe integrity (leaks).

The study highlights that the air filter is one of the most critical elements of the intake system, as its condition and throughput capacity directly influence engine performance parameters. Increased filter resistance, caused by clogging or the use of low-quality replacements, leads to distorted MAF (Mass Air Flow) sensor readings, disruption of the air-fuel ratio, reduced combustion efficiency, and increased fuel consumption.

This issue is particularly relevant for commercial vehicles operating in high-dust environments, under intensive use, and with extended service intervals. Underestimating the impact of air filter resistance on the fuel system can lead not only to a 5–10% increase in fuel consumption but also to accelerated wear of Common Rail (CR) system components (high-pressure fuel pumps, injectors, pressure regulators), which in turn increases corporate operating expenses.

Quantitative dependencies between the increase in fuel consumption and the degree of intake tract throughput reduction have been established. The research results can be applied to improve maintenance schedules and enhance the diagnostic efficiency of modern internal combustion engine (ICE) air supply systems.