The use of structural wood-based panel materials in construction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36910/6775-2410-6208-2025-14(24)-34Keywords:
wood, board materials, plywood, chipboard, particleboard, physical and mechanical propertiesAbstract
The article analyses the use of wood as a structural building material, as well as its derivatives – board materials (plywood, OSB, MDF). Their main characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages are considered.
Wood remains a popular material in construction due to a number of unique properties. Its advantages include: environmental friendliness (renewable resource), low thermal conductivity (high thermal insulation properties, which reduces heating costs), high specific strength (strength-to-weight ratio), ease of processing, etc. However, wood is heterogeneous in structure, prone to deformation due to changes in humidity, vulnerable to biological destruction, and has low fire resistance without special treatment. This requires additional protection and regular maintenance of structures.
Wood-based panel materials are the result of technological processing of wood raw materials, which eliminates some of the disadvantages of natural wood and allows the use of production waste.
Panel materials have a number of significant advantages over natural wood and other materials. In particular, these are: high structural stability (thanks to pressing and gluing, they have a stable shape and are less prone to deformation, swelling, or warping under the influence of humidity changes); high specific strength and rigidity; efficient use of resources (wood waste can be used, increasing the environmental efficiency of production); manufacturability and speed of installation (the boards are easy to process and have standardized dimensions, which reduces construction time and the amount of waste on the construction site); heat and sound insulation (multilayer structures ensure high energy efficiency of buildings).
Despite these shortcomings, due to chemical and mechanical treatment and proper structural protection, wood and its derivatives are advantageous materials that successfully compete with other structural materials, especially in low-rise and energy-efficient construction.
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