Creation of a planimetric and altimetric geodetic basis using a DT-5 electronic theodolite

Abstract

Surveying is the cornerstone of any construction or infrastructure project, as it effectively kicks off the construction process. This complex set of tasks includes measuring the earth's surface using high-precision instruments, calculating spatial data, and then creating a topographic plan.

The main function of surveying is to provide the necessary spatial information and geometric control, which is critical for ensuring accuracy, compliance of the object with the project documentation, and safety on the construction site. The geodetic basis in construction is created hierarchically to ensure an accurate transition from state coordinates to a detailed breakdown of structural elements. This is a multi-level process that minimizes the accumulation of errors and ensures that detailed surveying work is always based on the most accurate foundation possible, ensuring high quality and safety in construction.

The need for mathematical processing of measurements in geodesy and engineering arises due to the inevitability of errors in measurement results. These errors lead to field measurements not meeting strict geometric conditions or theoretical equations that describe the object or measurement process. The accuracy of measurements (e.g., estimated using the root mean square error) must be directly consistent with the tolerances specified in existing regulatory documentation and construction design documentation. Mathematical processing of measurement results is usually performed using the least squares method and serves to: ensure the most probable and reasonable estimate of the measured values; determine the reliability of the results obtained; bring the measured values into line with geometric equations.

Maintaining high quality and efficiency of work at each stage is only possible with continuous and accurate geodetic support. The article describes the methodology for determining the coordinates of geodetic network points using optoelectronic devices and evaluating their accuracy using the example of a construction site.